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SPECIAL REGULATIONS NO. 71 

ARMY TRANSPORT 
SERVICE 



1918 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1918 



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MAY 



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SPECIAL REGULATIONS NO. 71. 



WAR DEPARTMENT, 

Washington, May 10, 1918. 
The following regulations governing the Army Transport 
Service are published for the information and guidance of all 
concerned. 

[570.1, A. G. O.] 

By order of the Secretary of War : 

PEYTON C. MARCH, 
Major General, Acting Chief of Staff. 
Official : 

h. p. McCain, 

The Adjutant General, 

3 






TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Section. Paragraph. 

I. Organization '. 1-7 

II. General duties of officers 8-33 

III. Assignment of quarters 34-35 

IV. Reports 36-39 

V. Rules for the government of the ship's company. . 40-64 

VI. Deck department 65-104 

VII. Deck officer 105-122 

VIII. Engine department 123-144 

IX. Steward's department 145-176 

Duties of chief steward 145-148 

Messes 149-155 

Character of meals 156-164 

Charges for meals 165-170 

Subsistence supplies 171-176 

X. Medical department 177-186 

XI. Flags 187-188 

XII. General provisions for movements by sea 189-197 

XIII. Preliminary arrangements 198-202 

XIV. Embarkation 203-215 

XV. Duties on board 216-284 

General regulations 216-228 

Punishment of offenses committed on board . . 229 

Commanding officer 230-239 

Police officer ; 240-243 

Mess officer 244-249 

Routine on board 250-259 

Guard 260-263 

Officer of the day 264-265 

Officer of the guard 266-267 

Sentinels 268-274 

Fire 275-284 

XVI. Disembarkation 285-291 

5 



6 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

Section. Paragraph. 

XVII. Transportation of animals at sea 292-314 

Embarkation 297-300 

Care of animals on board 301-310 

Disembarkation 311-314 

XVIII. Convoys by water and rules for naval convoy of 

military expeditions 315 

XIX. Rules for sailing in consort without naval convoy . . 316 
XX. Army and Navy personnel associated on duty or 

for passage in Army or Navy transports 317-337 

Rules that shall apply in war 320-337 



MEMORANDUM. 

Statement showing netc numbers of old paragraphs of United 
States Army Transport Service Regulations. 



Number 


Number 


Number 


Number 


Number 


Number 


Number 


Number 


of para- 
graph, 

1914 
edition. 


of para- 
graph, 
1918 
edition. 


of para- 
graph, 
1914 
edition. 


of para- 
graph, 
1918 
edition. 


of para- 
graph, 

1914 
edition. 


of para- 
graph, 
1918 
edition. 


of para- 
graph, 

1914 
edition. 


of para- 
graph, 
1918 
edition. 


1 


1 


33 


33 


64 


65 


96 


97 


2 


2 


34 


34 


65 


66 


97 


98 


3 


3 


35 


35 


66 


67 


98 


99 


4 


4 


36 


36 


67 


68 


99 


100 


5 


5 


37 


37 


68 


69 


100 


101 


6 


6 


38 


38 


69 


70 


101 


10* 


7 


7 


39 


39 


70 


71 


102 


103 


8 


8 


40 


40 


71 


72 


103 


104 


9 


9 


41 


41 


72 


73 


104 


105 


10 


10 


42 


42 


73 


74 


105 


100 


11 


11 


43 


43 


74 


75 


106 


107 


12 


12 


44 


44 


75 


76 


107 


108 


13 


13 


45 


45 


76 


77 


108 


109 


14 


14 


46 


46 


77 


78 


109 


110 


15 


15 


47 


47 


78 


79 


110 


111 


16 


16 


48 


48 


79 


80 


111 


112 


17 


17 


49 


49 


80 


81 


112 


113 


18 


18 


50 


50 


81 


82 


113 


114 


19 


19 


51 


51 


82 


83 


114 


115 


20 


20 


52 


52 


83 


84 


115 


116 


21 


21 


53 


53 


84 


85 


116 


117 


22 


22 


54 


54 


85 


86 


117 


118 


23 


23 


55 


55 


86 


87 


118 


119 


24 


24 


56 


56 


87 


88 


119 


120 


25 


25 


57 


57 


88 


89 


120 


121 


26 


26 


58 


58 


89 


90 


121 


122 


27 


27 


59 


59 


90 


91 


122 


123 


28 


28 


60 


60 


91 


92 


123 


124 


29 


29 


61 


61 


92 


93 


124 


125 


30 


30 


62 


62 


93 


91 


125 


126 


31 


31 


63 


63 


94 


95 


126 


127 


32 


32 


63£ 


64 


95 


96 


127 


128 



8 MEMORANDUM. 

Statement showing new numbers of old paragraphs of United 
States Army Transport Service Regulations — Continued. 



Number 


Number 


Number 


Number 


Number 


Number 


Number 


Number 


of para- 
graph, 
1914 


of para- 
graph, 
1918 


of para- 
graph, 
1914 


of para- 
graph, 
1918 


of para- 
graph, 
1914 


of para- 
graph, 
1918 


of para- 
graph, 
1914 


of para- 
graph, 
1918 


edition. 


edition. 


edition. 


edition. 


edition. 


edition. 


edition. 


edition. 


128 


129 


168 


169 


207 


209 


i 

244 


249 


129 


130 


169 


170 


208 


210 


245 


250 


130 


131 


170 


171 


209 


211 


246 


251 


131 


132 


171 


172 


210 


212 


247 


252 


132 


133 


172 


173 


211 


213 


248 


253 


133 


134 


173 


174 


212 


214 


249 


254 


134 


135 


174 


175 


21 2i 


215 


250 


255 


135 


136 


175 


176 


213 


216 


251 


256 


136 


137 


176 


177 


214 


217 


252 


257 


137 


138 


177 


178 


215 


218 


253 


258 


138 


139 


178 


179 


216 


219 


254 


259 


139 


140 


179 


180 


217 


220 


255 


260 


140 


141 


180 


181 


218 


221 


256 


261 


141 


142 


181 


182 


219 


222 


257 


262 


142 


143 


182 


183 


220 


223 


258 


263 


143 


144 


183 


184 


221 


224 


259 


264 


144 


145 


184 


185 


222 


225 


260 


265 


145 


146 


185 


186 


223 


226 


261 


266 


146 


147 


186 


187 


224 


227 


262 


267 


147 


148 


187 


188 


225 


228 


263 


268 


148 


149 
150 


188 
189 


189 
190 




229 
230 


264 

265 


269 


149 


226 


270 


150 


151 


190 


191 


226£ 


231 


266 


271 


151 


152 


191 


192 


227 


232 


267 


272 


152 


153 


192 


193 


228 


233 


268 


273 


153 


154 


193 


194 


229 


234 


269 


274 


154 


155 


194 


195 


230 


235 


270 


275 


155 


156 


195 


196 


231 


236 


271 


276 


156 


157 


196 


197 


232 


237 


272 


277 


157 


158 


197 


198 


233 


238 


273 


278 


158 


159 


198 


199 


234 


239 


274 


279 


159 


160 


199 


200 


235 


240 


275 


280 


160 


161 


200 


201 


236 


241 


276 


281 


161 


172 


201 


202 


237 


242 


277 


282 


162 


163 


202 


203 


238 


243 


278 


283 


163 


164 


203 


204 


239 


244 


279 


284 


164 


165 


2031 


205 


240 


245 


280 


285 


165 


166 


204 


206 


241 


246 


2S1 


286 


166 


167 


205 


207 


242 


247 


2S2 


2S7 


107 


168 


206 


20S 


243 


248 


283 


288 



MEMORANDUM. 



Statement showing new numbers of old paragraphs of United 
States Army Transport Service Regulations — Continued. 



Number 
of para- 
graph, 

1914 
edition. 


Number 
of para- 
graph, 
1918 
edition. 


Number 
of para- 
graph, 

1914 
edition. 


Number 
of para- 
graph, 
1918 
edition. 


Number 
of para- 
graph, 

1914 
edition. 


Number 
of para- 
graph, 
1918 
edition. 


J Number 

1 ofpara- 

! graph, 

1914 

edition. 


Number 
of para- 
graph, 
1918 
edition. 


284 


289 


299 


304 


314 


(*) 


328 


326 


2S5 


290 


300 


305 


315 


(*) 


329 


327 


2S6 


291 


301 


306 


316 


(*) 


330 


328 


2S7 


292 


302 


307 


317 


(*) 


331 


329 


2S8 


293 


303 


308 


318 


(*) 


332 


330 


289 


294 


304 


309 


319 


316 


333 


331 


290 


295 


305 


310 


3194 


317 


334 


332 


291 


296 


306 


311 


320 


318 


335 


333 


292 


297 


307 


312 


321 


319 


336 


334 


293 


298 


308 


313 


322 


320 


337 


335 


294 


299 


309 


314 


323 


321 


338 


336 


205 


300 


310 


315 


324 


322 


339 


337 


296 


301 


311 


(*) 


325 


323 






297 


302 


312 


(*) 


326 


324 






29S 


303 


313 


(*) 


327 


325 







♦Rescinded. 

The following paragraphs embody material changes in th<> 
United States Army Transport Service Regulations, 1914, which 
have not been published in Changes: 178, 187, 195, 229, 230, 236. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 



Section I. 
ORGANIZATION. 

1. The Army Transport Service is organized as a special 
branch of the Quartermaster Corps, United States Army, for 
the purpose of transporting troops and supplies by water. 

All necessary expenses incident to that service will be paid 
from the appropriations made for the support of the Army. 

2. a. In time of peace the Transport Service will be under 
the supervision of the Quartermaster General and conducted by 
its own officers and employees and made, as far as practicable, 
independent of other branches of the service. 

Such matters as relate to medical attendance will be under 
the supervision of the Surgeon General of the Army. 

To insure efficient service the officers representing the different 
departments in the Transport Service must use their best en- 
deavors in cooperating with each other in the execution of the 
duties respectively intrusted to them. 

6. Under war conditions, i. e., where ports of embarkation for 
the scene of intended hostilities have been established, the Trans- 
port Service at such ports will be under the supervision of the 
commander of the port of embarkation, whose duties are in part 
as follows : 

(1) To make all detailed arrangements for the embarkation of 
troops. 

(2) To see that the ships furnished him by the Quartermaster 
Corps are properly fitted out for use as transports. 

(3) To operate and maintain military traffic between his port 
and the over-sea base through a superintendent of transport 
service who is a member of his staff. 

(4) To command all administrative groups assigned to the 
port of embarkation and to be directly responsible to the War 
Department for the efficient and economical direction of their 
operations. 

The commander of the port of embarkation, his staff and per- 
sonnel, are not subject to the orders of the commander of the 

11 



12 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

troops at the concentration camp, nor the latter to the orders of 
the former. 

The commander of the port of embarkation prepares the sched- 
ules for the distribution and embarkation of the troops, materiel, 
and supplies on transports. The commander of the camp issues 
the orders necessary to carry out these schedules. Under all 
conditions these schedules will be made only after consultation 
with the commander of the troops involved. ' 

When a landing or disembarkation in the face of opposition is 
anticipated, the distribution and plan of embarkation will be 
made to suit the tactical requirements of the situation, and in 
case of difference of opinion the final decision will rest with the 
commander of the troops. 

When no opposition to landing is expected the final decision 
will rest with the commander of the port of embarkation. 

Cordial cooperation between these commanders is essential to 
the efficient performance of their respective duties. . 

3. The headquarters of each line of transports in the United 
States are termed home ports. 

Each home port will have the necessary equipment of officers 
and employees and be provided with proper terminal facilities, 
including wharfage, stox-age room, and offices. 

4. a. The general organization of the personnel for each home 
port will be as follows, subject to such reduction as may be prac- 
ticable : 

(1) General superintendent. 

(2) Assistants to general superintendent. 

(3) Medical superintendent. 

(4) Signal Corps superintendent. 

(5) Marine superintendent. 

(6) Assistant marine superintendent. 

(7) Superintending engineer. 

(8) Assistant to superintending engineer. 

(9) Port steward. 

(10) Quartermaster purveyor. 

(11) Chief stevedore. 

(12) Army transport agent at over-sea ports, where 

there is no officer of the Quartermaster Corps, 
b. On each transport : 

(1) Master. 

(2) Transport surgeon. 

(3) Quartermaster agent. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 13 

5. The general superintendent and his assistants, the medical 
superintendent, and the Signal Corps superintendent will he as- 
signed by orders from the War Department. The transport 
surgeon will be designated for the voyage under instructions 
from the Surgeon General of the Army from among the officers 
assigned by the War Department to duty in the Transport 
Service with station at the home port. 

6. The Quartermaster General will appoint the marine super- 
intendent and his assistant, the superintending engineer and 
his assistant, the port steward, the quartermaster purveyor, 
chief stevedore, the master and other ship's officers, the quarter- 
master agent, and Army transport agents at over-sea ports. 

7. Upon the recommendation of the general superintendent, 
the medical superintendent, and the Signal Corps superintend- 
ent, the chiefs of those departments will authorize the employ- 
ment of such number of accountants, bookkeepers, clerks, mes- 
sengers, watchmen, and others as may be necessary to transact 
the business of the service at home and foreign ports and on 
board the transports with certainty and dispatch. In cases of 
emergency, superintendents will direct the employment of addi- 
tional men and report action to the chiefs of their respective 
bureaus. 

Section II. 

GENERAL DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 

8. General superintendent. — a. Under peace conditions to be 
an officer of the Quartermaster Corps, with headquarters at the 
home port, and charged with the entire administration of the 
service, pursuant to its regulations and the requirements of 
law, except such matters as relate to the Medical Department. 
The general superintendent will, under peace conditions, re- 
ceive his general instructions from the Quartermaster General, 
and all orders, excepting such as relate to the Medical Depart- 
ment, relative to the service will be made to and through him. 
He will be responsible for the efficient and economical admin- 
istration of the service and the maintenance and operation of 
the vessels engaged therein; for the accountability and dis- 
bursement of all funds furnished for the operation of the Trans- 
port Service except as otherwise directed ; for the management 
and security of all property and for the satisfactory service of 
all the officers and employees under his direction; for the 



14 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

assignment of authorized passengers to staterooms upon all 
transports leaving the home port ; he will be charged under the 
provisions of law and Regulations of the Army Transport Serv- 
ice with the procuring and accounting for all services and sup- 
plies, except such as pertain to the Medical Department, re- 
quired for the establishment and satisfactory maintenance of 
the service by such means as shall be in conformity with the 
law and be most advantageous and economical to the Govern- 
ment. 

b. Under war conditions, where ports of embarkation have 
been established, the general superintendent will be an officer 
of the Quartermaster Corps on the staff of the commander of 
the port of embarkation, under whom he is charged with the 
entire administration of the Transport Service, pursuant to 
its regulations and the requirements of law, except such matters 
as relate to the Medical Department. 

9. Assistant to general superintendent. — To be an officer of 
the Quartermaster Corps, stationed with the general superin- 
tendent, and acting under his immediate direction, and as his 
deputy when the general superintendent is absent. He will per- 
form such duties as may be assigned to him by the general 
superintendent. 

10. Medical superintendent. — To be an officer of the Medical 
Department of the Army, stationed at the home port, who will 
report to the general superintendent and act as his advisor in 
sanitary matters and in the administration of the medical serv- 
ice on board. He will make personal and minute inspection 
of each transport on arrival and prior to departure and will 
submit to the general superintendent such recommendations 
relative to food supply and sanitation as he may deem needful. 
He will make, or cause the transport surgeon to make, the nec- 
essary inspection of persons embarking or disembarking to 
determine whether any have infectious disease, and will detain 
and make proper disposition of persons having infectious dis- 
eases and will provide for the reception and care of military 
persons unfit to travel. 

He will make himself familiar with all the quarantine laws 
and facilities that may exist at home and over-sea ports and 
will be responsible for the efficient administration of the medical 
department of the Transport Service. 

11. Signal Corps superintendent. — To be an officer of the 
Signal Corps stationed at the home port, who will report to 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 15 

the general superintendent and act as his advisor in connec- 
tion with the administration of the radio service. He will in- 
spect the radio apparatus of transports upon their arrival at 
and previous to departure from each home port, special attention 
being paid at each inspection to the efficiency of the auxiliary 
transmitting apparatus. He will see that efficient operators 
are provided and that suitable spare parts are on hand. When 
transports are temporarily placed out of commission, he will 
see that the storage batteries and other parts of the radio sets 
are properly cared for. If no Signal Corps superintendent has 
jurisdiction at a port where a transport or its radio equipment 
is placed out of commission, it will be the duty of the operator 
in charge to ground the antenna, to siphon the acid from the 
radio storage battery into carboys for storage, to fill the bat- 
tery cells with fresh water, and to siphon off this water after it 
has been in the cells at least fifteen (15) hours. 

12. Marine superintendent. — To be a person skilled in the 
navigation, handling, loading, and care of ships in port and at 
sea, and familiar with the duties of masters and other officers 
on board of seagoing vessels of the first class. Under direction 
of the general superintendent, the marine superintendent will 
have personal charge of all transports at the home port, will 
supervise and direct their movements, docking, loading, and 
repairs of the huil, deck, and steward's departments, and be 
responsible for their care and maintenance in a condition of 
complete efficiency at all times and in all respects other than in 
matters pertaining to the superintending engineer. The marine 
superintendent will be responsible for the discipline and effi- 
ciency of the deck department employees of all vessels ; he will 
inspect every transport on arrival and prior to departure, and 
will recommend to the superintending engineer for authoriza- 
tion by the general superintendent such interior repairs or 
alterations or improvements as he may consider necessary or 
advisable in the interests of the service. He will supervise and 
direct the quartermaster purveyor and chief stevedore in the 
discharge of their duties and will perform such other duties as 
may be directed by the general superintendent. 

13. Assistant to marine superintendent. — To be a person of 
similar qualifications to those of the marine superintendent, to 
assist him in the discharge of his duties, and to perform such 
duties as may be assigned to him by the marine superintendent. 

14. Superintending engineer. — To be a person familiar with 



16 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

the construction and repair of seagoing vessels, and skilled in 
the designing, construction, and practical management of ma- 
rine engines and their appurtenances, including electrical, ven- 
tilating, heating, and sanitary, and other appliances in use in 
seagoing vessels of the first class. Under direction of the gen- 
eral superintendent, the superintending engineer will be re- 
sponsible for the care and maintenance in a condition of com- 
plete efficiency at all times of all the steam and mechanical 
appliances in the transports, and for the repairs, alterations, 
and improvements in hull or machinery that may be authorized. 
He will make personal inspection of the machinery and me- 
chanical appliances on board on arrival and again prior to the 
departure of each transport, and will recommend to the general 
superintendent such repairs, renewals, and modifications as he 
shall deem needful. He will be responsible for the discipline 
and efficiency of the engineer's department employees of all 
vessels and for the economical and satisfactory working of the 
machinery and steam and electrical appliances. He will per- 
form such other duties as may be directed by the general 
superintendent. 

15. Assistant to superintending engineer. — To be a person of 
similar qualifications to those of the superintending engineer, to 
assist him in the discharge of his duties, and to perform such 
duties as may be assigned him by the superintending engineer. 

16. Port steward. — To be a person skilled in cabin and saloon 
equipment and maintenance of seagoing vessels of the first class. 
He will inspect the refrigerators and storerooms for subsistence 
supplies of transports and see that everything is in proper condi- 
tion to receive the stores. Upon the arrival of a transport he 
will inspect all perishable stores remaining on hand and recom- 
mend the disposition of the same. He will, in conjunction with 
the chief steward, inspect all subsistence stores received for use 
aboard the transport and render reports in all cases to the gen- 
eral superintendent 

17. Quartermaster purveyor. — To be a person skilled in 
matters connected with the supplies required in the equipment 
and maintenance of seagoing vessels of the first class. He will 
examine and keep the records of requisitions for all quarter- 
master's departments and submit the engineer's to the superin- 
tending engineer, deck to the marine superintendent, and stew- 
ard's to the port steward. He will, under direction of the marine 
superintendent, inspect all supplies furnished on said requisi- 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 17 

tions. He will perform such other duties as may be assigned 
to him by the marine superintendent. 

18. Chief stevedore. — To be a person skilled in the safe and 
economical loading of seagoing vessels, and under direction of 
the marine superintendent will be responsible for the loading 
and discharge of the transports at the home port according to 
such instructions as to points of delivery as lie may receive. He 
will employ such number of stevedores, laborers, and watchmen 
as may be necessary and authorized by the general superin- 
tendent from time to time and be responsible for their service 
and discipline. He will also have charge of the storage and care 
of freights delivered at the wharf for shipment and be respon- 
sible for the preservation and security of wharf and property. 
He will perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by 
the marine superintendent. 

19. At over-sea ports to which a regular service is main- 
tained the quartermaster, or army transport agent in case there 
is no quartermaster, shall be responsible for making all neces- 
sary arrangements for the mooring, docking, lightering, load- 
ing, and discharge of the transport ships arriving at their re- 
spective ports, and shall receive and receipt to the quartermaster 
agent for all stoi'es and property consigned to and unloaded at 
the ports in accordance with the forms prescribed by the gen- 
eral superintendent. They shall also invoice to and take re- 
ceipt from the quartermaster agent for all stores or property 
shipped on the transport from their respective ports and keep 
a record of their transactions. The general superintendent will 
furnish to the quartermaster at over-sea ports the necessary 
books and blanks for the proper transaction of the business con- 
nected with the Army Transport Service. 

20. Master. — The master will be the representative on board 
of ship of the general superintendent, and all orders for the 
ship will be given to him. He will have the general direction 
of the movements of the ship and be in general charge of its 
business and responsible for the proper care and protection of 
the passengers and freight until arrival and delivery at destina- 
tion. He will leave the chief engineer of the ship to exercise 
full and unquestioned control and authority over all matters 
within his technical purview and for which he is professionally 
responsible as the immediate head of the engine department. 

21. The master will be furnished by the general superintend- 
ent before sailing with the names of the cabin passengers and 

56087°— 18 2 



18 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

the staterooms to which assigned. No modifications in such 
assignments will be permitted until arrival at the next port, 
when vacancies in staterooms will be reassigned by the master 
in accordance with rank, and, in the absence of rank, in the 
same order as originally assigned by the general superintendent. 

22. The master will furnish the commanding officer of the 
troops with one copy of all sailing orders. 

23. The master is to be charged with the preparation of all 
the ship's papers required by law and prescribed by the general 
superintendent. 

24. He must make all arrangements for having the crew sign 
the ship's articles, etc., and have on board the official log, copy 
of agreement with the crew, and officers' and engineers' certifi- 
cates. 

25. Upon the arrival of an Army transport at a foreign port 
the master will call in person at the United States embassy or 
legation, if there is one at the port, and at the United States 
consulate, and report the arrival of his ship in port. 

26. The master will be provided with small printed plans of 
all decks of his ship, copies of which will be mailed by the gen- 
eral superintendent to commanding officers of troops to embark, 
and posted under glass on all decks. 

27. Transport surgeon. — To each transport will be assigned 
a transport surgeon, who, under the direction of the medical 
superintendent and the commanding officer of troops, will act 
as medical officer and will be in command, for administrative 
purposes only, of all enlisted men permanently attached to the 
ship. He will be held responsible for the proper equipment and 
supply of the hospital, for the proper and thorough sanitation 
of the ship, for the satisfactory service of the hospital attend- 
ants, and for the care and treatment of the sick and injured 
among the ship's officers, crew, casual passengers, and for all 
patients in hospital. When there are medical officers on duty 
with troops on board, the transport surgeon will provide hospital 
accommodations, supplies, and attendants for the sick of the 
command and the families of officers and enlisted men pertain- 
ing to it. 

28. Quartermaster agent. — To each transport shall be as- 
signed a quartermaster agent, who, under the supervision of the 
master, will have charge of the steward's department and the 
subsistence of troops and all authorized persons on the transport, 
and as bonded officer of the Government will receive and turn 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 19 

over to the general superintendent upon return to home port all 
funds received from passengers for subsistence and also from 
authorized sales. 

29. The quartermaster agent, under supervision of the 
master, will be held responsible for the proper administration, 
good order, and cleanliness of the steward's department ; for the 
discipline, good conduct, and efficiency of its employees ; and for 
the proper supply, care, and issue of subsistence stores. He will 
keep a record upon the prescribed forms of daily expenditures 
of stores, filing therewith the daily issue slips as subvouclu-rs. 
He will take monthly and at the end of each voyage an accurate 
inventory and make a careful inspection of all subsistence stores 
on his transport. He will see that the savings of fat, slush, etc., 
ii nd all empty vinegar, pickle, beef, butter, and other barrels, 
boxes, etc.. wbich may be salable, are stored and turned over :it 
the home port to the authorized representative of the general 
superintendent. 

30. The quartermaster agent will submit to the home office at 
the close of each month a statement of expenditures showing 
quantities issued, their money value by items and by messes, 
together with copies of the several bills of fare and such other 
information as may be required by the general superintendent. 
He will also forward to the general superintendent for use as 
vouchers to his accounts and returns a copy of the abstract of 
subsistence stores expended and of the list of passengers, and 
at the end of each month will forward to the Quartermaster 
General, through the general superintendent, a complete return 
on the prescribed form of all civilians employed during the 
month in all departments aboard ship. 

31. The quartermaster agent will be in immediate charge, 
under the supervision and direction of the master, of the trans- 
port office, and of all clerical work in connection therewith ; and 
responsible for the conduct and efficiency of its employees. 

32. The quartermaster agent, under the supervision of the 
master, will see that the ship is properly supplied at all times 
with the necessary mess utensils, scrubbing and cleaning mate- 
rials, disinfectants, etc., and that cabins are provided with all 
the necessary furniture, bed linen, and towels ; and he will keep 
on board for issue on memorandum receipt to the quartermaster 
of the embarking command : 

Brooms, 4 to each company. 
Mops, 4 to each company. 
Buckets, 4 to each company. 



20 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

And, in addition, on transports carrying animals : 

Stable brooms, 6 to each 100 head. 

Stable forks, 6 to each 100 head. 

Buckets, 6 to each 100 head. 

Shovels, short-handle, 4 to each 100 head. 

Manure baskets, 4 to each 100 head. 

Hoes, 4 to each 100 head. 

Brooms, 4 to each 100 head. 
The quartermaster agent will see that the blankets and cloth- 
ing kept on hand for loan to casuals are numbered for the pur- 
pose of identification. The blankets will be numbered in the 
center and on each corner with indelible ink. 

The quartermaster agent will keep in the transport office a file 
of general and special orders, bulletins, and circulars likely to be 
required for reference purposes and will bring the file up to date 
as far as practicable before leaving each port of call. 

33. Transport quartermaster. — Whenever the exigency of the 
service requires the assignment to a transport of an officer of the 
Army as transport quartermaster, he will relieve the master of 
all prescribed administrative duties not connected with the 
navigation of the ship (pars. 20-26; 36-39 A. T. S. Regulations) 
and he will assume all the duties prescribed for the quarter- 
master agent. 

Section III. 

ASSIGNMENT OF QUARTERS. 

34. As a rule separate staterooms will be provided for gen- 
eral officers and for the commanding officer of the troops, if of 
rank of field officer. The quarters permanently assigned to the 
transport surgeon, master, quartermaster agent, or other perma- 
nent officers of the transport will not be for assignment ; subject 
to the foregoing exceptions only, staterooms or berths will be 
assigned according to rank. 

35. Neither the wives nor members of families of the trans- 
port surgeon, the ship's officers, the quartermaster agent, 
clerks, and enlisted men assigned to duty on the transport shall 
be permitted to accompany them on the ship at sea. 



AEMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 21 

Section IV. 
REPORTS. 

36. The master on each United States Army transport en- 
gaged in Atlantic or Pacific traffic shall at the beginning of each 
voyage, or as soon thereafter as practicable, forward through 
the general superintendent of the home port to the Quarter- 
master General a complete passenger list of all officers of the 
Army and their servants and of all persons not belonging to 
any military organization aboard who were transported as 
passengers on such voyage, giving a copy of the authority under 
which he furnished transportation to each, or making proper 
reference to such authority if previously furnished. The names 
of officers of the Army and their servants and of passengers not 
entitled to free subsistence aboard will be grouped together in 
one class on these lists, and the names of those entitled to sub- 
sistence free will be grouped in another. Masters on United 
States Army transports engaged in interisland traffic will for- 
ward similar passenger lists to the department quartermaster 
of the department in which employed. 

37. Whenever any Army transport arrives at or is about to 
depart from a terminal port on a transoceanic voyage, its ar- 
rival or departure will be reported by the master as follows : In 
the Philippine Islands, to the department quartermaster, and in 
the United States, to the general superintendent, who will im- 
mediately notify the adjutant general of the department in 
which the port is located. The report in each case will show 
the name of the transport, the date of its arrival or departure, 
and the designation of the organizations, and the names of the 
officers on board as passengers. The report will be telegraphed, 
if the department headquarters is so far from the terminal port 
that it is impracticable to deliver the report without delay in 
person or by messenger. This report will not include either 
the names or numbers of officers and enlisted men, not passen- 
gers, who are serving under regular detail in the transport 
service. In case of sailing originally from a port of embarka- 
tion this report, upon arrival at an over-sea base, will be made 
to the base quartermaster. 

38. Immediately on the return to the home port from each 
voyage the master will render upon the prescribed form a report 
of the expenditures, passengers and freight, with a comparative 
statement of the cost upon the basis of lowest obtainable rates 



22 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

for transportation and showing the difference in cost, whether 
in favor of the transport service or not. Under war conditions, 
when operating from a port of embarkation, the comparative 
statement of this report may be dispensed with. 

39. In case of death among the registered passengers on an 
Army transport, i. e., officers and enlisted men not belonging to 
distinct commands on board, as well as civilians and employees, 
the master will secure the effects and prepare a letter to the 
nearest relative settiag forth the name, rank, company, regi- 
ment, employment, or condition of the deceased ; place, cause, 
day, and hour of death ; disposition made of remains and effects, 
and list of the latter, and mail the communication at the earliest 
opportunity. Such notification of death in case of an officer, 
enlisted man, or civilian employee of the Army will also include 
the information that, if it be desired, the remains will be shipped 
home at Government expense upon application therefor by the 
nearest relative, addressed to the Quartermaster General, Wash- 
ington, D. C. ; but if not applied for within six weeks after 
arrival at port in the United States the remains will be buried 
in a post or national cemetery and will not be disinterred there- 
after and shipped home at public expense. The notification 
should also state that inquiries concerning the pay and effects 
of deceased officers and soldiers should be addressed to the 
Auditor for the War Department, Washington, D. C, and, in 
case of civilian employees, to the staff bureau of the War De- 
partment under which they were employed. 

Section V. 

RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SHIP'S 
COMPANY. 

40. All employees in the Army Transport Service upon their 
entry shall be sworn to observe its regulations, to obey the law- 
ful orders of their superiors, and to use their utmost endeavors 
to carry such orders into effect with promptitude and zeal. 

Any commissioned officer on duty in the Army Transport 
Service, authorized to employ men in its service, is authorized 
to administer the oath of service. 

41. Punishments shall be in strict conformity to law and in 
accordance with, the usages of the sea service, and will follow 
the offense as promptly as circumstances will permit. 

42. The following punishments may be imposed : 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 23 

a. Upon the ship's officers — private reprimand ; suspension 
from duty, or confinement. 

6. Upon the ship's company — reduction of rating; confine- 
ment with or without irons; confinement on bread and water 
not exceeding five days; deprivation of liberty on shore; extra 
duties ; and forfeiture of pay under section 4596, Revised Stat- 
utes. 

43. Deserters from the Army Transport Service shall forfeit 
all pay due them at the time of desertion. 

44. Absence witbout leave for a period of three days may be 
regarded as desertion. 

45. Any absence without leave with a manifest intention not 
to return shall be regarded as desertion. 

46. A reward not exceeding 15 days' pay may be offered for 
the recovery of a deserter, and such amount may be deducted 
from the pay that may subsequently become due him. The Gov- 
ernment will not be responsible for the payment of rewards for 
the apprehension of deserters, the matter being left to the dis- 
cretion of the master. 

47. Paragraphs 40 to 46, inclusive, will be read to all em- 
ployees before they take the oath of service and sign the ship- 
ping articles. 

48. The ship's company is divided into four departments, viz, 
the deck department, the engine department, the steward's 
department, and the hospital department. 

All employees must make themselves familiar with the rules 
and regulations of the transport service and observe them 
strictly. For this purpose copies of the regulations will be sup- 
plied to the heads of departments for the use of their subordi- 
nates. 

49. Every person exercising authority of any kind is re- 
quired to exact from all under him prompt and implicit obedi- 
ence to and cheerful compliance with his orders, and it is re- 
quired of all that they observe a respectful demeanor in word 
and act whenever they address or are addressed by their 
superiors. 

50. Employees in their intercourse with each other and with 
all others on board must observe a decorous and civil deport- 
ment. 

51. The uniform prescribed for the several classes of em- 
ployees will be habitually worn on board ship and at all other 
times and places when on duty. All employees must present at 
all times a neat, clean, and orderly appearance 



24 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

53. Improper, profane, or boisterous language or conduct is 
strictly forbidden. 

53. While on duty employees will not smoke or engage in 
any conversation or occupation not directly connected with their 
duty. 

54. No communication with reference to the ship or its affairs 
will be made by any employee to others than his superiors in the 
service. 

55. No employee shall be engaged in the conveyance or trans- 
port of any articles or packages other than such as are officially 
authorized, or in any traffic, sale, or barter on board ship. 

56. The steam whistle must be blown at least every minute 
when the ship is under way in thick weather. Both at sea and 
in port the signals enjoined by the rules of the road must be 
strictly observed, and the prescribed signal lights must always 
be set in proper position at sunset and kept burning until day- 
light 

57. In port an officer must always be on deck and a petty 
officer or wheelman at all gangways. 

58. When the ship is at anchor the watch, night and day, will 
consist of a junior officer, wheelman, and the requisite number 
of seamen. 

59. The ship's company must be mustered at the boats be- 
fore sailing, or as soon thereafter as practicable, and at least 
once each week while at sea, so they will know the boat to 
which they belong. They must also be mustered at fire quarters 
at least once each passage, the hose stretched fore and aft on 
deck and below, water run through it under pressure, the fact 
to be recorded in the ship's log book and a report made to the 
marine superintendent in writing by the chief officer on the 
ship's arrival. 

60. When in port care must be taken that the harbor and dock 
regulations are not violated by refuse being thrown overboard 
or otherwise. 

61. The ship's log must be a careful, detailed, and accurate 
record of current events. No erasures are to be made in the 
log or any leaves removed or closed up. Any errors in the log 
are to be corrected by ruling lines through them in red ink and 
attaching the initials of the officer making the alteration. 

62. No intoxicating liquors of any kind will be brought or 
secretly used on board by any employee, and no issues of any 
intoxicating liquor will be made to employees except on the 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 25 

recommendation of the transport surgeon approved by the 
master. 

63. No employee will leave the ship without order or author- 
ized leave of absence. When in port leaves of absence of not to 
exceed 12 hours may be granted by the heads of departments to 
their employees when their services can be spared, if approved 
by the master. Leave of absence for a longer period than 12 
hours must also be approved by the general superintendent. 

64. No member of the crew of an Army transport, mine 
planter, or other vessel under the control of the War Depart- 
ment, while operating in waters adjacent to the Canal Zone, 
will be discharged within the Canal Zone except when the cir- 
cumstances are such as to make the discharge highly desirable 
and necessary. In the event of the discharge being required in 
the interest of the service, the officer in command of the vessel 
will present such member of the crew for immigration examina- 
tion prior to his discharge, as required by the immigration laws 
of the Canal Zone ; and if it be decided that such member of the 
crew can not remain on the Isthmus, arrangements will be made 
for the lodging and subsistence of such member of the crew by 
the military authorities at the expense of the appropriations 
from which he was employed until such time as his return to 
the United States can be effected. 

Section VI. 
DECK DEPARTMENT. 

65. Master. — The master shall have full and paramount con- 
trol of the navigation of the ship and be responsible for the 
discipline and efficiency of the crew including the enlisted men 
permanently attached to the ship. He must maintain and en- 
force strict discipline at all times and require his authority and 
the authority of the officers to be thoroughly respected by all 
persons on board. 

66. He must make himself thoroughly familiar with the regu- 
lations of the service and the orders made from time to time, 
and will be responsible for their strict observance so far as the 
ship is concerned. 

The most careful attention will be paid to compliance with 
the law and regulations governing immigration into ports 
touched at by transports, as well as at terminal points ; all offi- 
cers and employees of the Army Transport Service being strictly 



26 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

enjoined to cooperate in every way possible with the officials 
of the Immigration Service in the discharge of their respective 
duties. In case of question or reasonable doubt regarding the 
landing of any party or parties from an Army transport, the 
matter will be presented immediately to the local immigration 
officials, and action taken according to their interpretation of 
the law and regulations in the premises. 

67. He must see and satisfy himself that his vessel is in all 
respects seaworthy and properly fitted for the voyage, directing 
special attention to the hull, boats, davits, rigging of all kinds, 
steering gear, pumps, fire engines, lights and signals, deadlights, 
side ports, wind sails, ventilators, gangways, companion ladders, 
etc. 

68. He must pay close attention to compasses and chronome- 
ters and see that no opportunity is neglected to ascertain their 
errors and have the same noted for comparison on the next 
voyage. 

69. He must acquaint himself with the navigation laws and 
rules and the customs and quarantine laws and regulations of the 
United States and conform to them in all respects. 

70. He shall be in daily attendance at the ship, both at home 
and abroad, during loading and discharging, and shall at all 
times superintend in person any movement of the ship. 

71. Before leaving the ship the master will inform the chief 
officer and give him instructions as to the care of the ship during 
his absence. 

72. He shall have the ship ready to sail precisely at the time 
appointed. 

73. He shall specially attend to regulations in regard to lights 
and signals and the assignment of the crew to fire stations and 
boat stations and shall see that the lead is used on all proper 
occasions, particularly when nearing land, or when needed for 
the ship's position, and that this is entered in the log book. 

74. He is to be held responsible for the safe conduct of his 
vessel, notwithstanding the presence of a pilot, and also while 
bringing the ship to piers and docks, and he will be held strictly 
responsible for accidents occurring. 

75. He must himself take the bridge in thick weather and 
when approaching and leaving land, and keep it as much as pos- 
sible while in channel or crowded waters, especially during night. 

76. He shall enter regularly in the night order book the course 
to be steered and all necessary instructions to the officer on duty, 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 2? 

and this book shall be signed every night by the second, third, and 
fourth officers. 

77. When navigating narrow channels or crowded waters, and 
passing tows or deep-laden small craft, he must see that a safe 
and moderate rate of speed is maintained. 

78. He shall regulate the speed of the vessel at sea, being 
especially careful in case of thick and heavy weather, when the 
speed will be checked and the lookout doubled. 

79. He is to take special care that the boats of all kinds are 
constantly ready for immediate service, with all the gear in them 
properly fitted and ready for hoisting them out ; that the boat 
falls are kept rove, and the lowering apparatus at all times ready 
for use. 

80. The crew is to be properly organized for sevice of the 
boats and exercised weekly in boat drill. When in port or 
quiet waters they will get them out and handle them in the 
water. 

81. They must also be organized for fire service and drilled 
weekly in the use of the fire appliances. Each day before sun- 
set it is to be ascertained that the fire engines and pumps are 
ready for immediate service, with hose screwed on. and that 
buckets with lanyards are at hand and kept filled. 

82* Strict attention must be paid to the lights on board. 

83. The master is to take care that cleanliness, dryness, and 
proper ventilation are at all times observed. 

84. Any neglect or inattention in regard to cleanliness or any 
other matter affecting the discipline of the ship which the master 
may observe on the part of the troops is to be brought to the 
notice of the commanding officer of the troops, in order that 
steps may be immediately taken for correcting and preventing 
it for the future. 

85. The master is to afford all needful facilities and assist- 
ance to the commanding officer of the troops in stowing and 
unstowing beds or hammocks, cleaning decks, drying and airing 
bedding, and for washing and drying clothes, and in ships carry- 
ing horses or mules will use the crew when necessary to assist 
in caring for them. 

86. The hold and lower part of the ship are at all times to be 
kept perfectly clean and well ventilated and free from noxious 
smells. 

87. Immediately after disembarking of troops and supplies the 
ship is to be thoroughly cleaned throughout. In case there 



28 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

should have been any sickness on board, special fumigations and 
extra whitewashing below, with a free use of the necessary disin- 
fectants, are to be resorted to at once, as may be indicated by 
the ship's surgeon or other competent authority. 

88. When necessary to fumigate transports, the quartermaster 
agent will be given ample notification of such fact, and he will 
take steps to have subsistence stores which are liable to be in- 
jured by the fumigation temporarily removed from the vessel. 
Proper arrangements to protect and guard the stores while so 
removed from the transport will be taken. 

89. Collisions, groundings, and similar occurrences shall be 
entered in the ship's log book, with full and exact particulars. 

90. In case of collision or other occurrences of like nature he 
shall at once prepare a written report signed by him, to the gen- 
eral superintendent, detailing the circumstances in connection 
with the occurrence. If he is not on deck at the time of the 
casualty he shall, for the purpose of making his report, obtain 
from witnesses a verbal report of all the facts. 

91. First officer. — The first officer is the executive officer of 
the ship and subject to the master's instructions ; is particularly 
responsible for the good order and cleanliness of the ship, the 
discipline and efficiency of the crew, and the serviceable condi- 
tion of all navigation and deck appliances. 

92. He must relieve the master or assist him on the bridge in 
thick weather when approaching land or at any time when the 
master may require his services. 

93. He must station the officers and seamen and keep com- 
plete watch and station bills, which are to be posted the day 
previous to sailing in some conspicuous place in the ship where 
the whole ship's company can see them and perfect themselves 
in their several stations, and no alterations must be made in 
them without the master's knowledge and approval. 

94. He shall have a printed book containing an inventory of 
all stores in his department and will not allow any expenditure 
without an order signed by himself. In addition, he will be sup- 
plied with an expenditure book, showing the amounts received at 
each port, together with the amounts remaining on hand. He 
must submit requisitions for, each trip to the master prior to 
arrival. 

95. He must make no alteration in the ship or rigging without 
consulting the master, and whether at sea or in port he must 
examine or cause to be examined by the proper officer every part 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 29 

of the ship above and below deck every morning, and see that 
she is clear and in proper condition in all parts, and make his 
report to the master before 9.30 a. m. 

96. He will have the ship ready for inspection at a designated 
hour, when everything will be in thoroughly good order. 

97. He must see that the boats and rafts and their tackle are 
kept in perfect order, and their lockers kept constantly filled 
with signal lights, bread, and water, so that all may be ready day 
or night ; and when the night watch is set he must see that a 
wheelman examines the bridge and quarter life buoys and have 
the hose fixed, buckets in place, and the ship ready throughout 
for any emergency, and report these preparations to the master. 
Each lookout must call his station every half hour when the 
ship's bell strikes, adding the words, "All's well." 

98. He must be particular in keeping the ship's log and write 
it up carefully each day, giving the officer of the deck positive 
instructions to make a note of everything that is of importance, 
so that the log may conform to the requirements of the regu- 
lations. 

99. He must always, both during loading and discharging, 
have an officer or petty officer in the hold to see that the cargo 
is properly handled and to prevent stealing, and when the cargo 
is discharged he must have every compartment of the ship 
thoroughly examined to see that nothing is left on board. No 
bags, cases, crates, etc., will be allowed to leave the ship in a 
broken condition, but whenever so found the officer in charge 
of the hold shall send for the carpenter and have the container 
immediately repaired. 

100. He must not permit anyone on board without authority, 
or allow any friends of the crew or others to be on board with- 
out permission from the master. 

101. Before arrival in port he must give a written list to the 
master for the information of the chief engineer of all defects 
or derangements of steam windlass, capstans, or steering gear ; 
also steam heat and exhaust pipes and all other mechanical 
arrangements in his department. 

102. When holds are empty he must examine, in company 
with the chief engineer or some one detailed by him, the steam 
jets for extinguishing fire connected with the various depart- 
ments, see that they and their connections are in proper work- 
ing order, and report their condition in writing to the master. 



30 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

103. The ordinary requisitions for repairs must contain no 
request for any alterations or new work to any part of the 
structure of the ship. All requests or suggestions for these 
alterations or additions must be submitted in a letter from 
the master to the general superintendent, with reasons therefor. 
Replacing necessary old articles (worn out) by new are repairs. 

104. Second third, and fourth officers. — The second, third, 
and fourth officers will each have charge of a watch. They will 
be responsible for the safety and proper navigation of the ship 
during their watch, for the accurate steering of the prescribed 
course, for the efficient service of the lookouts, and generally 
for the observance of all ship's regulations pertaining to deck 
duties during their tour. 

Section VII. 

DECK OFFICER. 

105. The station of the officer of the deck is on the bridge 
while at sea. He may visit other parts of the ship if his duties 
or necessity require it, but on no account will he leave the bridge 
without another officer relieving him. While in port he will 
keep a general lookout for the ship; keeping a careful watch, 
seeing that fenders are put over the sides when needed, and also 
look out for ports that they are not opened by unauthorized 
persons, and will perform any other duties that may be assigned 
to him by the master or first officer. 

106. From dark to daylight either a junior officer, wheelman, 
or boatswain must be constantly on the bridge with the senior 
officer. 

107. The officer of the deck must diligently observe that the 
lookouts are vigilant and pay particular attention to the steer- 
ing and the course the ship makes. He must examine the com- 
passes frequently, compare them during his watch, and take all 
proper steps for ascertaining their exact deviation. 

108. He is not to alter the course without acquainting the 
master, unless it is to avoid some sudden danger. 

109. He must notify the master when land or ice is dis- 
covered, and when any unusual change in the weather or any 
unusual occurrence is observed. 

110. He must have the hand and deep-sea lines and leads at 
hand ready for immediate use. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 31 

111. He must see that the pumps are sounded at least once 
every watch and that the ship is pumped out whenever any 
compartment contains 2 inches more water than when the pumps 
usually suck. 

112. He must keep a vigilant outlook and preserve order in 
the ship and never permit on order to be executed in a careless 
or slovenly manner. 

113. He must be particular in keeping all his watch on deck, 
be the weather moderate or otherwise; must see that the ship 
and binnacle lights are kept trimmed and in good order; that 
the time by the deck timepiece is regularly attended to by night 
as well as by day ; that the bells are properly struck every half 
hour ; and that the reading of the log is uoted every two hours 
at sea. 

114. He must take cross bearings frequently when possible 
to verify his position. When the patent log is set, it is to be noted 
Avhen abreast of particular marks or headlands. 

115. All data required for the careful navigation of the 
vessel must be noted in the log book. 

116. The deck officer must sign his name to all transactions 
noted in the log at the termination of his watch, after the junior 
officer has filled up the same. 

117. He must always when at anchor in harbor acquaint him- 
self with the condition of the cable, number of anchors down or 
ready to let go. scope of chain, and depth of water. 

118. In thick weather or at night he will keep a hand ready 
with a line. 

119. He is to deliver to the officer who may relieve him all 
orders that he may have received and which remain to be 
executed. 

120. No boats are to be allowed alongside without an order 
from the master. 

121. In all cases when the ship seems to be approaching 
danger of any kind which can not be seen he is expressly com- 
manded to stop the engines instantly, and, if necessary, to re- 
verse them without waiting for the master's instructions. 

122. The deck officer must never give up charge of the deck 
during his watch, except with the knowledge and consent of the 
master, when he may be temporarily relieved for his meals, etc., 
by the third or fourth officer ; but he must on no account leave 
the bridge to go below without another officer relieving him, and 
the bridge must never be left in charge of a junior officer in 
thick weather. 



32 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

Section VIII. 
ENGINE DEPARTMENT. 

123. The chief engineer is responsible for the care and good 
management of all steam, propelling, pumping, hydraulic, re- 
frigerating, electrical, auxiliary, and other apparatus on board, 
and all air, water, and steam pipes for sanitary, ventilating, and 
all heating, cooking, and other purposes. Heads of deck and 
steward's departments will promptly report any defects to the 
chief engineer, and will prepare lists of known derangements or 
new requirements, to be handed to him before arrival, which he 
will investigate, and if necessary include in his list of repairs. 
He must use all the resources of his department to keep all ma- 
chinery in proper working order, and will make detailed report 
of its performance and condition and the repairs required 
through the master to the general superintendent. He will also 
supervise and keep himself fully acquainted with all repairs 
and alterations made in port. 

124. At sea he is responsible to the master for the general 
supervision and conduct of his department. 

125. He will have control over all persons in his department 
and will see that strict discipline and efficiency are maintained 
at all times. 

126. He will keep the watch, fire, and boat-station bills in 
prominent and accessible places for the observation of the en- 
gine department crew, and see that they are familiar with their 
respective stations. 

127. He will keep the engine-room log according to the form 
prescribed by the superintending engineer, being careful in mak- 
ing all entries, and in recording the times when the various 
orders to the engines are received. 

128. When under way, if for any cause he may find it neces- 
sary to stop the engines, he must at once acquaint the master or 
officer of the deck with the cause, and the probable duration of 
the stoppage, and if practicable consult the master before stop- 
ping the engines. 

129. He is responsible for the pumping of the ship, so far as 
is possible with the main and auxiliary pumps. 

130. He will give close attention to the hold soundings, as 
reported to him by the carpenter, also to soundings taken in his 
own department, and keep these reports on file until the termi- 
nation of the next succeeding voyage. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 33 

131. He will see that the engines are worked accurately to 
signals from the bridge or deck, and also keep accurate memo- 
randum for entry in the engineer's log. Before making official 
entry of any memorandum of this kind he should confer with 
the deck officers as to the same occurrence or transaction. 

133. He will also be careful to keep the time by which the 
engine department is worked in accord with that of the deck 
department. 

133. At sea he must fill up and hand to the master the form 
of daily report prescribed by the general superintendent. He 
will also on each voyage make such tests of the quality and 
efficiency of each kind of coal used for steaming purposes, and 
collect such data as will enable him to prepare and submit to 
the master on Form No. 235 a report as to the efficiency of the 
coal. The blank forms for this report will be furnished by the 
general superintendent. 

134. He is relieved of no part of his responsibility for the 
care and safety of the ship in port, and must at all times keep a 
sufficient number of men on board to work the steam pumps 
and hoists, according to the direction of the officer in charge of 
the deck or his representative. 

135. Before arrival at port he will prepare a careful list of 
all repairs, alterations, or changes that he may deem necessary 
for the proper and efficient working of his department for the 
ensuing voyage, and make report of what was done during the 
current voyage through the master to the general superintendent. 

136. He must have carefully prepared requisition and ex- 
penditure lists of fuel and stores used during the voyage and re- 
quired for the subsequent voyage and must make out a written 
report as to any article not up to the standard required by the 
service through the master to the general superintendent. 

137. Before arrival in port he must see that the cargo-hoist- 
ing engines are prepared for use. After he has had notice that 
the main engines are no longer required he will see that fire, 
steam, and water in main boilers are properly and safely dis- 
posed of and his department generally cleaned up and made 
ready for the inspection of the superintending engineer. A day 
or two before arrival in port he will see that all hands are turned 
out to clean down the engines and boilers as far as practicable. 

1381 He must be present during the opening and overhauling 
of engines and boilers and have a general supervision of all re- 
pairs and alterations made and the general condition of every- 

56087°— 18 3 



34 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

thing in his department. When the holds are empty, he must 
examine, in company with the chief officer, the steam jets for 
extinguishing fire connected with the various compartments and 
see that they and their connections are in proper working order. 

139. He will be responsible for any infringement of the laws 
of the country to which the ship is bound by any of his crew 
and is expected to make thorough search at proper time (or when 
directed to do so by the master) for contraband goods or stow- 
aways. 

140. He is responsible for the proper care and cleanliness of 
his crew's quarters and is required to inspect the same each day 
at sea and in port when they are occupied ; also for the men being 
clean and properly dressed when called to muster for service 
or boats. In port the quarters must be thoroughly cleaned and 
prepared to receive the crew shipped for the ensuing voyage, 
locked up, and kept so until required for occupation. 

141. He will see that the ship is at no time left without an 
engineer on board. The duty of keeping watch at night in ports 
in regular service, or when undergoing repairs, must be divided 
among the assistant engineers according to the judgment of the 
chief engineer, provided always that the man left in charge is 
sufficiently well acquainted with all pipes and pumping facilities 
to work them promptly in case of emergency. He will make such 
arrangements for the meals of the engineers on night watch that 
the ship will at no time be left without their presence. 

142. In port he will see that the designation of the night- 
watch engineer is placed on a board to be hung at the ship's 
gangway, and that the private addresses of all engineers are 
given in and kept in some accessible place by the night watch- 
man. He will see that sufficient steam pressure is at all times 
kept upon the auxiliary boiler and be prepared to work the 
pumps immediately upon notice. 

143. Twin-screw ships must at all times have two night- 
watch engineers, who will relieve each other in keeping alternate 
walking watches. 

144. The chief engineer will at all times keep in view econ- 
omy and high efficiency in his department and never fail to 
impress the importance of these considerations on his staff. He 
will see that his staff are all familiar with the use of the indi- 
cator, and that diagrams are taken from each cylinder, and 
that the indicated power is compared with the fuel expenditure, 
so that these important matters rosy always be before the 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 35 

officers of his department. He will see that a sufficient number 
of diagrams representing the average work at sea are sent 
through the master to the general superintendent with the 
other papers and reports at the end of each voyage. 

Section IX. 
STEWARD'S DEPARTMENT. 

DUTIES OF CHIEF STEWARD. 

145. The chief steward has charge of the cabins, saloons, 
mess rooms, galleys, pantries, and other adjuncts of the steward's 
department, with their furniture, equipment, and articles neces- 
sary for efficient service. 

146. He will enforce absolute cleanliness and good order 
throughout his department, giving special attention to the sup- 
plies, refrigerators, and storeroom, and to the cabin, saloon, and 
galley furnishings. He will see that employees of the steward's 
department are clean and neat in appearance and attentive and 
polite in their duties, and that they wear the prescribed uniform. 
He will give as much time as practicable to the galleys and as- 
sure himself that nothing is wasted or misappropriated. He 
will inspect all portions of the transport in his charge at least 
once a day, giving special attention to the cleanliness and 
ventilation, and will supervise the preparation and serving of 
meals, and see that in quality and quantity the stores are good 
and satisfactory- He shall station a saloon watch, who will 
report to the officer of the deck every hour. He will keep books 
showing receipt and expenditures of subsistence stores, so that 
he will know at all times the kind and quantity of stores on 
hand. He will submit to the quartermaster agent requisitions 
for such subsistence stores as may be required. 

147. He will report, in writing, to the master, through the 
quartermaster agent, any defects or deficiencies that he may 
discover in the working or mechanical appliances of his depart- 
ment. He will prepare the necessary requisitions for repairs 
in his department and for quartermaster's supplies and sub- 
mit them, through the quartermaster agent and master, to 
the general superintendent. 

148. At the termination of a voyage he will have all the 
vacated staterooms thoroughly cleaned and put in order, and 
will report to the master, through the quartermaster agent, any 
deficiencies in the articles belonging to the staterooms. 



36 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

MESSES. 

149. Tine following messes shall be established, when prac- 
ticable, on each ship of the transport service and on each hos- 
pital ship : 

a. Saloon mess. 

b. Ship's officers' mess. 

c. Ship's petty officers' mess. 
<J. Sailors and firemen's mess. 
e. Troop mess. 

/. Hospital mess. 

150. Saloon mess. — The persons who may be subsisted in the 
saloon mess shall be the transport surgeon, master, quarter- 
master agent, quartermaster clerk, and female nurses assigned 
to the transport, all authorized persons traveling as first-class 
passengers, and the following ship's officers, viz : The first 
officer, the chief engineer, the first assistant engineer, and the 
chief steward. 

151. Ship's officers.' mess. — The persons subsisted in the ship's 
officers' mess shall be the second, third, and fourth officers ; the 
second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth assistant engineers; the 
refrigerating engineers ; the deck engineers ; the electricians ; 
the plumbers ; the freight-clerk embalmers ; civilian veterina- 
rians ; all authorized persons traveling as second-class passen- 
gers ; and enlisted men of the following grades, viz : Sergeant 
major, regimental ; sergeant major, senior grade, Coast Artil- 
lery Corps ; quartermaster sergeant, senior grade, Quartermaster 
Corps; master hospital sergeant, Medical Department; master 
engineer, senior grade, Corps of Engineers; master electrician, 
Coast Artillery Corps ; master signal electrician ; band leader ; 
hospital sergeant, Medical Department ; master engineer, junior 
grade, Corps of Engineers; engineer, Coast Artillery Corps; 
ordnance sergeant ; quartermaster sergeant, Quartermaster 
Corps ; supply sergeant, regimental ; sergeant major, squadron 
and battalion; sergeant major, junior grade, Coast Artillery 
Corps ; supply sergeant, battalion, Corps of Engineers ; first ser- 
geant ; sergeant, first class, Medical Department, Quartermaster 
Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Signal Corps; electrician ser- 
geant, first class, Coast Artillery Corps; assistant engineer, 
Coast Artillery Corps; master gunner, Coast Artillery Corps; 
assistant band leader ; sergeant bugler ; electrician sergeant, sec- 
ond class, Coast Artillery Coi*ps ; radio sergeant ; color sergeant. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 37 

The enlisted men above mentioned shall he assigned to second- 
class cabins and dormitory quarters according to rank when such 
accommodations and quarters are available. 

Enlisted men of the United States Marine Corps of grades 
corresponding to any of the above-mentioned Army grades and 
chief petty officers of the United States Navy will also, when 
traveling on transports, upon request by competent naval au- 
thority, be assigned to the ship's officers' mess. 

A special nicss is provided on some transports for enlisted 
men's wives and other second-class passengers, in order to relieve 
the crowded condition of the regular ship's officers' mess, but 
the regulations applicable to the latter apply also to the former. 
being one and the same except in location. 

152. Ship'* petty officers 1 mesa.— The ship's petty officers' 
mess shall consist of the storekeepers, oilers, water tenders, 
boatswains, carpenters, quartermasters, masters-at-arms, boat- 
swains' mates, carpenters' mates, assistant masters-at-arms, 
assistant stewards, bakers, butchers, cook, pantrymen, yeomen, 
scullions, messmen, watchmen, assistant plumbers, machinists, 
bell boys, porters, dishwashers, silvermen, bathroom men, 
janitors, barbers, stewardesses; also enlisted men below the 
grade specified in paragraph 150, assigned to duty upon the 
transports. 

Waiters will mess as directed by the chief steward, approved 
by the quartermaster agent. The food supplied will be of the 
same variety and kind as served in the ship's petty officers' mess 
and the cost charged to that mess. 

Passengers subsisted in any but the saloon mess are not 
allowed the privileges of the promenade deck without special 
permission. 

153. Sailors and firemen's mess. — The sailors and firemen's 
mess shall consist of the sailors, firemen, coal passers, deck 
boys, winchmen, sailors and firemen's mess boys, cable hands, 
and stock tenders connected with the transport. 

154. Troop hi ess.— The troop mess shall consist of the troops 
traveling, the mess being under the supervision of the mess offi- 
cer of the command aboard. Enlisted men traveling on de- 
tached service or on furlough, other than those mentioned in 
paragraph 150, and discharged enlisted men entitled by Army 
Regulations to subsistence on transports, will be assigned to 
the troop mess. 



38 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

All passengers with " troop " transportation will ordinarily be 
assigned to the troop mess, but the quartermaster agent may, in 
his discretion, assign any such passenger to the ship's petty 
officers' mess, provided the passenger elects to pay the increased 
charges for meals. 

155. Hospital mess. — A hospital mess will be established on 
hospital ships, and on transports when practicable for the trans- 
port surgeon to operate such a mess, in which shall be subsisted 
all persons sick in hospital. The ration of enlisted men and 
military convicts and enlisted men of the United States Navy 
and United States Marine Corps who are traveling under orders 
sick in hospital shall be commuted at the rate of 30 cents a day, 
to be paid to the transport surgeon by the quartermaster agent. 
Other persons sick in hospital will be furnished such subsistence 
as may be prescribed by the transport surgeon from the mess 
to v, -Inch the person belongs, and the cost thereof will be charged 
by the quartermaster agent to that mess. 

CHARACTER OF MEALS. 

156. The Quartermaster Corps will provide suitable and 
proper meals for the various messes except the hospital mess. 
The transport surgeon is responsible for the hospital mess and 
will procure his supplies therefor as far as practicable from the 
quartermaster agent. 

157. The general superintendent will in general terms pre- 
scribe the bills of fare for the various vessels. 

158. In accordance with the bills of fare prescribed, meals 
for the saloon mess, the ship's officers' mess, and the ship's 
petty officers' mess will be prepared from the articles of food 
carried by the transport, with the restriction that the total 
cost of the food consumed in those messes shall not exceed $1, 
75 cents, and 40 cents a day, respectively, for each person 5 
years of age or over subsisted therein. 

159. Food for the sailors and firemen's mess will be pre- 
pared from the articles of subsistence stores aboard, the total 
cost of the food consumed not to exceed 40 cents per man per 
day. On inter-island or other transports having native Philip- 
pine crews, the Filipino ration will be issued. 

160. Food for troops traveling on United States Army trans- 
ports will be prepared from the articles of subsistence stores 
w T hich compose the ration for troops in garrison, varied by the 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 39 

substitution of other articles of authorized subsistence stores, 
the total daily cost per man of the food consumed not to exceed 
20 per cent more than the current cost of the garrison ration, 
except on Thanksgiving Day and Christmas, when 60 per cent 
increase over the same current cost is authorized. 

All orders affecting the messing of troops will be given to the 
quartermaster agent, through the master, by the commanding 
officer of the troops direct, or through the officer in charge of 
the mess. The first meal on board for troops will be served at 
the next regular hour after embarkation. 

161. Stores not consumed in one mess will be utilized in 
some of the other messes aboard the transport. 

162. No meals, luncheons, or refreshments will be served to 
passengers, ship's officers, or crews of transports in their state- 
rooms or quarters, unless under written orders of the transport 
surgeon. These instructions will not apply to officers and crew 
on duty at night. 

163. All complaints in regard to service or to sufficiency or 
quality of food will be made to the master and by him referred 
to the general superintendent with report of action taken. 

164. The officers and crews of seagoing tugs that are 
ordinarily at sea 10 days or more during the month will be 
allowed one ration per day when necessary, the total cost of the 
same not to exceed 30 cents per man per day. 

Civilians employed on launches, harbor tugs, and lighters 
whose pay does not exceed $60 per month, if the circumstances 
of their service make it necessary and the terms of their engage- 
ment provide for it, may have issued to them one garrison ration 
per day, according to the exigencies of the case. 

The ration for the various vessels mentioned above will, when 
allowed, be issued in kind, and shall not under any circum- 
stances be commuted. The general superintendent will deter- 
mine which vessels of these classes shall be provided with cooks 
and waiters. 

CHAEGES FOR MEALS. 

165. The ship's officers ; the quartermaster agent ; clerks, 
nurses, civilian veterinarians ; train masters, wagon masters, 
cable hands, and stock tenders assigned to duty on the trans- 
port ; petty officers, sailors, firemen and coal passers, employees 
of the steward's department, and enlisted men, are subsisted 
in their respective messes without charge. 



40 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

166. Persons chargeable for subsistence will pay the quar- 
termaster agent before the sailing of the transport at the 
following rates: Adults and children 12 years of age or over 
subsisting in the saloon mess, $1 per day ; in the ship's officers' 
mess, 75 cents per day; in the ship's petty officers' mess, 50 
cents per day ; in the troop mess, 35 cents per day. Children 
between 5 and 12 years of age will be charged half rate and 
children under 5 years of age will be subsisted free. 

Officers of the Army traveling on transports under competent 
orders which entitle them to reimbursement for their subsist- 
ence will not be required to pay for the same, provided they 
furnish the quartermaster agent copies of their orders in dupli- 
cate. They will sign a receipt roll for the meals furnished 
them, which roll will, upon the return of the transport to the 
home port, be presented by the quartermaster agent to the 
general superintendent, who will collect the amount of the roll 
from the officer of the Quartermaster Corps having funds to 
his credit of the proper appropriation, viz, " Mileage to officers, 
etc.," and account for the same. Officers unable to furnish 
copies of their orders will pay for their subsistence. 

Officers of the Army traveling, without troops, on transports, 
under orders which entitle fhem to reimbursement for their 
subsistence, will sign the receipt roll mentioned above only for 
the period beginning with the first regular meal hour after the 
scheduled hour of sailing from a terminal port and ending at 
the time the passengers are put ashore. 

Officers of the Army traveling, with troops, on transports, 
under competent orders, will sign the receipt roll referred to 
above for the period during which the troops are subsisted on 
board the transport. 

All meals consumed in excess of the periods hereinbefore 
referred to will be paid by the officers concerned to the quarter- 
master agent in cash. 

At intermediate ports where the time of arrival and departure 
is uncertain and the stop is short, officers traveling under orders 
will be authorized to come aboard when they present themselves 
and will be entitled to the allowances from such time. 

Deductions will not be allowed for meals not taken during 
a voyage, except that the transport surgeon will not be subject 
to mess charges when in port if he elects to take his meals 
ashore. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 41 

167. When in port guests may be entertained aboard trans- 
port by permission of the master, but the person inviting them 
must pay the fixed charges for the same. Hospitality at the 
expense of the Government will not be permitted. 

168. When commercial vessels are chartered for the trans- 
portation of troops or supplies the arrangements for the sub- 
sistence of the troops and any civilian employees who may 
travel on such vessels will provide that the rate charged to 
officers of the Army on board such vessel shall not exceed the 
rates charged in like cases on board regular Government trans- 
ports. 

169. Whenever a vessel of the Army Transport Service is 
undergoing repairs in port or for any reason it becomes expe- 
dient to close the steward's department thereon, such members 
of the crew as may, in the public interests, be authorized re- 
tained in service, will be allowed commutation of rations at 
the rate of $1 a day for those entitled to meals in saloon mess, 
75 cents a day for those entitled to meals in ship's officers' 
mess, and 50 cents a day for all others. 

When the transport is again put in commission and the stew- 
ard's department resumes operations, the payment of commuta- 
tion of rations will be discontinued and susbsisteuce in kind 
will thereafter be provided. 

Whenever quarters on board ship are uninhabitable during 
such repairs, lodgings or additional compensation in lieu thereof 
will be furnished at not to exceed 50 cents a day for employees 
entitled to cabin accommodations and not to exceed 25 cents a 
day for all others, such lodgings or extra compensation to be 
discontinued immediately when quarters are fit for occupation. 

170. Noncommissioned staff officers and members of the 
Hospital Corps and Signal Corps assigned to duty on a trans- 
port will be allowed commutation of rations at 75 cents a day 
while the vessel is undergoing repairs or when for any reason 
it becomes expedient to close the steward's department thereon, 
unless the ship is docked in the vicinity of a garrisoned post, 
in which case arrangements will be made for their assignment 
to a mess at such post for subsistence. 

SUBSISTENCE SUPPLIES. 

171. Seventy-five days' rations, except of perishable articles, 
will be carried on transports plying between the United States 
and the Philippine Tslands, of the type necessary for the dif- 



42 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

ferent messes. Of the perishable articles, such as fresh beef, 
fresh vegetables, and fresh fruit, enough only will be put 
aboard to last the maximum trip. If complete rations are being 
shipped on the transport, but 35 days' rations for the troops will 
be put aboard, and in case of emergency the supplies in transit 
will be utilized. 

172. As an additional reserve for emergency use or issue as 
travel rations when necessary, there will be carried on each 
trans-Pacific transport the following: 

5,000 pounds hard bread, 25-pound cans. 

2,580 cans corned beef, 2-pound cans. 

570 cans baked beans, No. 3 can. 
To insure good condition of these stores at all times, there 
will be issued on each voyage to each person subsisted in the 
troop mess one ration of each of these articles, or more if nec- 
essary to prevent deterioration and loss. One can of hard 
bread will be carried in each of the ship's boats. This will be 
frequently examined and issued before it becomes deteriorated, 
and will be replaced by fresh hard bread. 

173. The quartermaster agent will submit all requisitions 
for subsistence stores at the home port to the general super- 
intendent, and at all other ports to the representative of the 
Quartermaster Corps on duty there. 

174. Upon arrival at any oversea port, the quartermaster 
agent, through the master, will report to the department quarter- 
master or other representative of the Quartermaster Corps on 
duty there and will transfer to him or to an officer designated 
by him any stores in good condition which may be aboard in 
excess or liable to deteriorate, and will make requisition for 
such subsistence stores as will be required for the completion 
of the voyage, and for the hire of such authorized employees 
of the steward's department as may be necessary. 

175. Quartermaster agents will not hire employees nor pur- 
chase subsistence stores in ports where no officer of the Quarter- 
master Corps is on duty, except in case of absolute emergency, 
and the necessity for such purchase will be immediately reported 
to the general superintendent. 

176. In addition to the supplies needed for consumption, au- 
thorized sales stores will be kept on hand for sale to those 
authorized to purchase. Under the quartermaster agent, the 
subsistence storekeeper will have exclusive charge of subsistence 
stores and of sales. When practicable, quartermaster sergeants 
will be detailed as subsistence storekeepers on transports. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 43 

The subsistence storekeeper will keep books showing receipt, 
issues, and sales of subsistence stores in his charge. 

Price lists of subsistence stores for sale will be conspicuously 
posted on all transports. Any overcharges should be reported 
immediately to the quartermaster agent. 

Members of crews are authorized to purchase during voyages, 
in limited quantities, authorized sales stores kept on hand, the 
amount thereof to be deducted from their pay when due. 

Section X. 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 

177. The hospital is under the charge of the transport sur- 
geon, who is responsible for the proper care and use of the hos- 
pital equipment and property and for the discipline and instruc- 
tion of the hospital attendants. The hospital will not be used for 
other purposes than for the accommodation of the sick, except 
in cases of emergency, and then not without the approval of the 
medical superintendent if the vessel is at home port, or of the 
transport surgeon if at sea. 

178. The personnel of the medical service on Army transports 
will be detailed from the medical service of the Army, by 
proper authority, on the recommendation of the medical super- 
intendent. 

In order that officers and enlisted men while on board Army 
transports may not at any time be without medical attendance, 
officers of the Medical Department and contract surgeons who 
may be assigned to duty as transport surgeons or with troops 
about to travel on transports will go on board the vessel, in 
every case, as soon as the first of the troops ordered to travel 
thereon shall embark, and all orders affecting their assignments 
to such duty will be so issued as to enable medical officers and 
contract surgeons to comply with this order. 

Nurses traveling under orders on transports will be assigned 
to duty thereon, and under the direction of the transport sur- 
geon will assist in the care of sick officers and enlisted men. 

179. Transport surgeons will carefully observe quarantine 
regulations at home and foreign ports ; and at infected ports 
will take care to prevent the embarkation of infected persons 
and property. They will personally examine all persons com- 
ing on board at infected ports who are unprovided with health 
certificates by proper authority, and will recommend in writing 



44 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

to the master such action as may be necessary to avoid infec- 
tion of the ship. 

180. Transport surgeons will keep a record of the inspections 
required by paragraphs 237 and 257 of these regulations, and 
during each voyage will note: 

a. The quantity and quality of the water supply of the 

vessel. 

b. The quantity, quality, and cooking of the rations. 

c. The ventilation of all berth decks, including staterooms 

and the hospital, and quarters of the crew. 

d. The adequacy and cleanliness of the bedding and 

clothing. 

e. The sanitary condition of bathrooms, lavatories, closets, 

and storerooms. 
/. The prevalence (or absence) of infectious diseases on 
board. 

181. During the voyage the transport surgeon will make to 
the master such recommendations for the correction of defective 
sanitation on board as may be noted during inspections. On 
completion of the voyage he will submit a sanitary report (Form 
50, Med. Dept.) of the vessel, with copies of special reports made 
during the voyage and the action of the master thereon. The 
channel for this report will be as prescribed by Army Regula- 
tions except that it will be made through the general superin- 
tendent instead of the commanding officer. 

182. The transport surgeon will make a physical examination 
of men applying for shipment with the crews of Army transports, 
reporting to the master on their physical fitness for service. 

He will vaccinate all members of the crew, including the ships' 
officers, who are not considered properly protected against small- 
pox, as soon as convenient after the signing of the ships' articles 
by them. Any ships' officer or member of the crew who refuses 
to submit to vaccination against smallpox or immunization 
against typhoid fever when deemed necessary by the transport 
surgeon shall be discharged from the service. 

183. Transport surgeons and medical officers on duty with 
troops on transports arriving at a home port will report promptly 
in person to the medical superintendent. They will report the 
names of all hospital corps men under their charge, with remarks 
on the conduct and efficiency of each man and his availability for 
further transport service ; the amount and condition of medical 
supplies on hand ; the articles expended, lost, or destroyed during 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 45 

the voyage, and submit an estimate of what "will probably be 
required for the next round trip of the vessel. 

With the report showing the amount of medical property on 
hand a requisition will be submitted to the medical superintend- 
ent of the Transport Service for any additional articles that may 
be judged as necessary to last during the round trip of the vessel 
out and back to this port. 

A report will also be submitted showing the number of patients 
treated during the voyage, with results and the general charac- 
ter of the diseases and injuries observed. This will be supple- 
mented by such observations as the medical officers may have to 
make on the practical working of our transport medical service, 
the character of hospital accommodations, the facilities for 
storing and preserving hospital supplies, the quantity and qual- 
ity of the latter, treatment of the sick, sanitary defects observed, 
and improvements needed. 

Medical officers in charge of transports are enjoined to observe 
due care and economy in the expenditure of medical supplies to 
avoid unnecessary waste. 

184. Immediately after the sailing of each transport, a thor- 
ough inspection of every person on board, including the crew of 
the vessel, will be made under the direction of the transport 
surgeon, and vaccination will be performed in all cases where 
in his judgment it is required. Transport surgeons are reminded 
that if passengers and crew are properly vaccinated and an 
ample supply of vaccine taken on each transport there will be 
no danger of an epidemic of smallpox on board. If a case should 
occur the patient will be placed in the isolation ward and objects 
exposed to infection will be disinfected, and every person on 
board will be vaccinated if, in the opinion of the transport sur- 
geon, such course is necessary. What has been said of small- 
pox with respect to isolation and disinfection applies to cholera 
and plague as well. None of these diseases should become epi- 
demic on a Government transport if the well-known precautions 
are taken as soon as a case develops. 

185. All bills incident to detention in quarantine, such as for 
subsistence, medical attendance, fumigation, cremation, etc., 
whether for the transports or for officers, enlisted men, dis- 
charged soldiers, crew, or passengers traveling on or taken from 
United States transports, will be audited and settled by the 
superintendents to whose departments these charges naturally 
pertain. 



46 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

The master and transport surgeon will at once report to the 
general superintendent and medical superintendent, respectively, 
the name, occupation, etc., of all parties removed from a United 
States transport by quarantine officers, giving the date of 
removal. 

186. All correspondence in reference to securing permission 
for landing of troops at ports en route shall be made through 
the United States consuls at ports of call. 

Section XI. 
FLAGS. 

187. The Army transport flag should be hoisted only at the 
main truck. "Whenever the President, the Secretary of War, or 
other Cabinet officer having a flag shall be aboard, the Army 
transport flag should be hauled down and the President's or 
Secretary's flag displayed at the main. The following sizes of 
flags and ensigns will be carried in each transport : Three sizes 
of the Army transport flag, one full-size 8-foot hoist by 12-foot 
fly; one storm-size 4-foot hoist by 6- foot fly, and one launch 
size 2-foot hoist by 3-foot fly ; three sizes of the ensign, one size, 
the dress ensign, 10-foot hoist by 19-foot fly ; the full-size, 5 foot 
2 inch hoist by 9 foot 10 inch fly ; and the storm size, 3 foot 6 inch 
hoist by 6 foot 8 inch fly ; and two sizes of jack, one 5 foot 6 inch 
hoist by 7 foot 7 inch fly, and one 2 foot 9 inch hoist by 3 foot 
11 inch fly. In addition, two sets of international-code flags, 
boat ensigns in proportion to the number of boats carried, and 
set of flags of all nations, the number and nationality to be 
regulated by the duty in which the transport is engaged, will 
also be carried. The jack is not hoisted at sea, and when flown 
must be from a jackstaff or from halyards bent to the forestay. 

Vessels of the United States Army Transport Service are au- 
thorized to fly a " homeward-bound pennant," furnished by the 
troops on board returning from foreign service. This pennant 
will consist of a blue field with 13 white stars thereon, and 2 
stripes, the upper stripe of white and the lower of red material, 
both tapering to a point. The hoist of the pennant will not ex- 
ceed 6 inches. 

Ships should be dressed when lying in a port on a national 
holiday and when invited to do so by the senior officer of a 
foreign war vessel to participate in some occasion which re- 
quires the latter ship to be dressed. It is an act of courtesy to 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 47 

dress ship when on arrival in a foreign port it is found that 
other ships are dressed. When a ship is dressed in honor of a 
national holiday of a foreign nation the flag of that nation is 
hoisted at the fore. The method of dressing ship will follow 
as far as practicable the regulations of the United States Navy, 
the international signal flags to be used for that purpose, spread 
on each bulwark or on a line running fore and aft over the 
trucks. The use of flags of other nations is not permissible. 

Whenever a transport entering harbor or in harbor has on 
board the remains of commissioned officers or representatives of 
the United States Diplomatic or Consular Service, who have 
died en route, the flag will be displayed at half-mast until the 
removal of the remains from the ship. 

All transports while in sight of a flag at half-mast on another 
transport or naval vessel or Government building on shore shall 
also carry their flag at half-mast. 

Whenever remains of officers, soldiers, employees, or others are 
being transported as a part of the cargo of the ship the flag will 
be half-masted only during the transfer of the bodies from the 
ship and for one hour thereafter. 

On Memorial Day the flag will be displayed at half-mast until 
midday, when it will be mastheaded. 

188. The provisions of Army Regulations and of the Manual 
of Guard Duty in respect of honors, except salutes with cannon, 
will be carried out whenever a transport is visited by an officer 
or official whose rank or position entitles him to the honors in 
question, the guard being paraded near the gangway by which 
the officer arrives or departs. Proper precautions will be taken 
to insure the commander of the guard receiving timely notice of 
such visits. 

The commanding officer of troops will receive the visiting offi- 
cer at the gangway on his arrival and accompany him there when 
leaving. 

Section XII. 

GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR MOVEMENTS BY SEA. 

189. When stores are to be shipped, timely notice must be 
given the general superintendent as to the kind, quantity, weight, 
marks, and destination thereof by the officer desiring to make 
the shipment. He will then be notified by the general superin- 
tendent as to the place and time for delivering the stores. The 
authority for such shipments will be furnished by the Quarter- 
master General. 



48 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

190. The disposition of freights when received on the pier for 
shipment will be such as to simplify and facilitate their loading 
for one or more ports of destination, and the same principle will 
be followed in loading the freights into the transports in order 
to facilitate their discharge. 

191. Bills of lading or invoices of stores, consigned to the gen- 
eral superintendent at the home ports for transport, will be en- 
tered by him in his books and charged to the quartermaster 
agent, who will make receipts for the shipments of stores actu- 
ally placed on board the vessel and which shall appear on the 
ship's manifest. 

192. Upon arrival at destination, the quartermaster agent, 
having entered the invoices in his books, will deliver the invoices 
with the stores to the Army transport agent or other official 
authorized to receipt for them. This general method of pro- 
cedure will govern in all cases of shipments made by the Army 
Transport Service. 

193. At the port of destination the quartermaster or trans- 
port agent where there is no quartermaster on duty will make 
the necessary arrangements in advance of arrival of the trans- 
port for the docking or berthing the ship, and for lightering 
and unloading any stores or property consigned to his post, and 
for delivering on board any stores to be loaded on the ship, 
and render such assistance to the master as will facilitate the 
departure of the ship from this port. 

194. As soon as practicable after the promulgation of orders 
requiring the transportation of a body of troops, the command- 
ing officer thereof will furnish to the War Department a state- 
ment setting forth the number of officers and enlisted men be- 
longing to the command to be transported, and showing, in time 
of peace, the number of wives, children, other members of fami- 
lies, and servants ; also an accurate estimate of the weight of 
property and baggage to be shipped. This information will be 
communicated by the Quartermaster General to the general 
superintendent of the Transport Service. Any changes in this 
statement should be telegraphed to the War Department. Un- 
der war conditions, in case a port of embarkation has been 
established, this statement will also be furnished to the com- 
mander of the port of embarkation. 

195. Transportation on Army transports for members of the 
families of officers and enlisted men of the Army, Navy, Marine 
Corps, and Coast Guard, and of employees thereof, of officers. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 49 

and employees of the Philippine and Hawaiian civil govern- 
ments, of officers of the War Department, of Members of Con- 
gress, secretaries of the Army and Navy department of the 
Yonng Men's Christian Association, and of other officers of the 
Government while traveling on official business, may be fur- 
nished without expense to the United States when space is 
available after allotment shall have been made to all persons 
traveling under orders, upon the following conditions : 

a. In case the officers, enlisted men, or employees of either 
the military, naval, or Coast Guard service, upon the certifi- 
cate of a responsible officer that the persons are permanent 
members of the family of an officer or enlisted man on the active 
list, or of an employee in actual service, and that the trans- 
portation is for the purpose of permitting such members of the 
family to join the officer, enlisted man, or employee, or to re- 
turn from the station of the officer, enlisted man, or employee, 
where they have been living as members of his family. The 
application must state the number of journeys by transport 
that have been made by the persons for whom transportation 
is requested, and if more than one such journey has been made 
within the previous two years the application will be denied, 
unless it can be clearly shown that the journey is necessary 
on account of illness or important and urgent business. Mem- 
bers of the immediate families of officers, employees, and en- 
listed men actually stationed in the Canal Zone are permitted 
to make not exceeding one round voyage between the United 
States and the Canal Zone each year on Army transports when 
accommodations thereon are available. The War Department 
limits transportation to such persons as habitually reside with 
the head of the family and are naturally domiciled therewith, 
and excludes those who are, or may desire to become, transient 
visitors, guests, and temporary members of his household. 

Whenever application is made for the over-sea transportation 
of persons other than the immediate members of family (wife 
and children), a certificate will be forwarded for the considera- 
tion of the War Department, as follows : 

Place 

Date 

This certifies that , my , is a 

permanent member of my immediate family, habitually resides 
with me, and has no other home. 

56087°— 18 4 



50 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

&. Applications from officers, enlisted men, or employees of 
the Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard must be made through 
the Navy Department ; from officers or employees of the Philip- 
pine civil government through the Bureau of Insular Affairs; 
from officers or employees of the Hawaiian Government through 
the governor of Hawaii ; from secretaries of the Army and 
Navy department of the Young Men's Christian Association 
through the headquarters of that organization ; and from all 
other officers through the chiefs of the departments to which 
the officers belong. In each case the application must show that 
the persons for whom transportation is required are permanent 
members of the family of the officer, enlisted man, or employee ; 
that the journey is necessary for the purpose of permitting the 
persons to join the officer, enlisted man, or employee, or to 
return from the station of the officer, enlisted man, or employee, 
where they have been living as members of his family, and the 
number of journeys by transport that have been made by such 
persons. If more than one journey has been made within the 
previous two years, the application will be denied, as provided 
in the preceding section of this paragraph. 

c. In case of transportation for servants, a person making 
application for such transportation will furnish a certificate to 
the following effect : 

Place 

Date 

This certifies that is a bona fide servant 

in my family and not employed for the trip only. 

I personally guarantee that if the transportation is granted 
said servant will not become a public charge upon the com- 
munity to which taken and will be returned to the United States 
when necessary without expense to the United States. 



196. Troops ordered for service beyond the sea will be in- 
spected prior to departure from station by a medical officer, who 
will submit recommendations for discharge, transfer, or other 
disposition of all enlisted men found unfit for such service or 
who, having infectious or contagious diseases, should not, in the 
opinion of the medical officer, be taken on transports. 

All troops ordered for service beyond the sea will be vacci- 
nated, if not already protected against smallpox, and will be 
provided with certificates showing that they are protected against 
that disease. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 51 

These certificates and a report containing the names, grades, 
and organizations of all enlisted men having infectious or con- 
tagious diseases who can be transported with safety to the com- 
mand will be forwarded to the master for the information and 
guidance of the transport surgeon. 

197. Ordinarily the troops to form an expedition will be 
assembled in temporary camps near the port of embarkation 
several days before the probable date of sailing. When the 
enemy has no fleet, and single transports may therefore carry 
reinforcements without escort, arrangements may be made to 
march the troops from the cars direct to the transport. This 
method of embarking troops will be employed for changes of 
station in time of peace whenever practicable. 

Section XIII. 
PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. 

198. The company property and rations, all articles not indis- 
pensable in camp, and all baggage which can not be taken to 
staterooms of officers or the quarters of the men, will be loaded 
on the vessel as soon as may be convenient with due regard to 
accessibility and the order in which the property will be re- 
quired by the troops on landing. 

The ammunition will be loaded first and put into the maga- 
zine, which will be locked, the key to be kept by the master. 

The property and baggage of each company will be stored 
separately, as far as possible, and not mixed with other stores. 

199. All articles of an explosive or highly combustible nature 
are to be excluded, and no one is allowed to have inflammable 
oils or explosives in his possession. 

200. The baggage of troops will be securely packed before- 
hand, so as to take up the least amount of space. 

201. Every article of baggage or property and every package 
that is put on board must be plainly marked or labeled. If 
large, to be labeled on each end and on top, the label to give the 
name of the owner and a general idea as to the contents. 

202. a. Under peace conditions, the commanding officer of 
troops will communicate with the general superintendent and 
with the master concerning arrangements for loading and em- 
barkation. 

He will cause a reconnoissanee to be made of the roads and 
streets leading from the camp to the wharf or pier, in order that 



52 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

the command may effect the march without conclusion or delay 
and without inconvenience to other traffic. 

He will make a survey of the ship in person and supervise the 
assignment of the enlisted men of his command. The assign- 
ment completed, the master will furnish the commanding officer 
with a number of typewritten copies of the assignments, each 
copy giving the organizations assigned to each compartment, the 
latter designated by numbers, as " Upper, No. 1," etc. 

At the same time a staff officer of the command will consult 
with the master and draw up a memorandum of the number of 
sentinels and their posts on board required during the em- 
barkation. 

&. Under war conditions, paragraph 10, General Orders, No. 
35, War Department, 1913, will govern. 

Section XIV. 
EMBARKATION. 

203. On the day set for sailing, all camp equipage and bag- 
gage still in possession of the troops and required to be stowed 
on the transport, including trunks or trunk lockers of officers 
and men, will be conveyed to the wharf accompanied by details 
of men to load this property and to guard it pending the arrival 
of the command. The cooking utensils will be cleaned and 
neatly packed ; clothing or similar articles, tightly packed in 
lockers, and tentage securely tied in bales, with the poles in 
crates or bundles. 

204. The command will be marched to the pier at convenient 
intervals, in such formation as the commanding officer of troops 
may direct. The first transport guard under command of its 
officer will march with the first battalion. Upon arrival at the 
pier the guard will be marched on board and will immediately 
be posted and instructed under the direction of the new officer 
of the day, assisted by the master. 

205. Casuals and recruits will be organized into provisional 
companies prior to embarkation, and noncommissioned officers, 
or privates detailed as noncommissioned officers, assigned to 
each company. A transport casual officer detailed for the voyage 
will receive and take charge of the provisional companies when 
presented at the pier, and an officer will be detailed to com- 
mand each provisional company while en route. The organized 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 53 

provisional companies, and all papers pertaining thereto, will 
be checked over to the transport casual officer by officers duly 
detailed for that duty at the port of embarkation. 

206. With a view to preventing unauthorized persons board- 
ing United States Army transports in the uniform of enlisted 
men of the Army, the commander of the troops to embark will 
have ranks formed on the wharf immediately before embarka- 
tion, and a careful roll call and inspection made to see that 
only men who are to embark are present, and will use due 
diligence to see that no others go on board with the troops. 
After the transport is in the stream and before anchor is 
weighed to commence the voyage, if there is reason to suspect 
that stowaways or other unauthorized persons are aboard, the 
transport will be thoroughly searched by the ship's officers under 
the direction of the master. The commanding officer will form 
the troops in ranks or otherwise dispose of them so as to facili- 
tate a thorough search of every part of the ship. 

When stowaways are discovered they shall be put to work 
about the ship wherever their services can be used ; they will 
not be permitted to land at port of destination, but will be kept 
on board and returned to home port. 

They should, in the Philippines, be given the option of remain- 
ing aboard and going back on the transport, or being turned over 
to the civil authorities for prosecution as vagrants. In other 
over-sea ports they should be confined in military guardhouse 
until they can be returned on a transport to the port from which 
they came. 

Persons furnished transportation as " indigents," xipon written 
request of the authorities in our insular possessions will be re- 
quired to do such work on shipboard as they are physically able 
to perforin. 

207. The assignment having been previously explained to 
company commanders, as per list furnished by the master, the 
command will then be marched on board by company in a quiet 
and orderly manner, and each company will be conducted to its 
quarters by a staff officer of the command. The rifles will be 
placed in the designated racks and the packs and equipments 
stowed in the proper places. In order to prevent confusion and 
to keep the gangways clear it is necessary that all men not on 
duty be held in their assigned quarters until the whole command 
is loaded. 



54 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

208. The men will be informed of the location of the water 
supply, latrines, wash rooms, etc., and be instructed in their use, 
sanitation, and preservation. 

209. Departure from camp should be so timed that the whole 
command will be on board for the first meal which is served at 
the next regular meal hour after embarkation. 

210. The assignment of officers and noncommissioned officers 
mentioned in paragraph 151 to the first and second class state- 
rooms and dormitory quarters is made by the general superin- 
tendent according to rank, and no modification in such assign- 
ment is permissible except as indicated in paragraph 21. 

211. Officers are allowed to have only steamer trunks and 
hand-baggage in their cabins. No baggage of any description 
shall be allowed on the upper decks, in the saloon, or in the smok- 
ing room. 

212. Commanding officers of troops will see that only author- 
ized baggage and persons of their command are taken on board. 

213. After the command has embarked, neither officers nor 
enlisted men of the command are permitted to leave the ship 
without authority from the commanding officer of troops. 

214. Before sailing, the commanding officer of troops will 
send a return of the command to The Adjutant General and to 
the commander of the department in which the port is located. 
He will also make a special return to the same authorities of all 
casuals and unattached officers and enlisted men who are pas- 
sengers on the ship. At ports of embarkation, under war con- 
ditions, these returns will be made to the commander of the 
port, who will notify The Adjutant General. 

215. Under war conditions, where secrecy is desired, the gen- 
eral superintendent of transports at ports of embarkation shall 
cause all Army vessels loaded with troops or supplies to move 
about harbors without undue publicity. Whenever possible or 
practicable, troopships loaded with their troops shall be moved 
to or from berths or anchorages by night instead of day. 

If necessity requires movement by daylight the commanding 
officer of troops shall be instructed to hold his men below deck 
or within deck superstructures, so as to prevent any undue con- 
centration of men on deck to attract public attention. Signals 
by flags or whistle should not be exchanged, save such as are 
necessary for safe navigation. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 55 

Section XV. 
DUTIES ON BOARD. 

GENERAL REGULATIONS. 

216. Each transport will be provided with a bulletin board 
2$ by 3 feet, with hinged glass cover, properly framed to lock. 
It will be hung in a conspicuous place, and all orders and an- 
nouncements which are to be copied will be posted thereon. 

217. Suitable extracts from the transport regulations, prop- 
erly printed and framed under glass, will be displayed at con- 
spicuous places on board by the master. 

These will contain the rules governing smoking, noises, fire, etc. 

218. All officers and noncommissioned officers are required to 
give careful attention to the police and cleanliness of the parts of 
the ship occupied by their men and to enforce the regulations re- 
lating to the conduct of enlisted men on board. 

219. Defacing paint or woodwork, throwing sweepings or 
food out of ports, interfering with ports or electric lights, spit- 
ting on floors, leaving packages or bundles about the deck, crowd- 
ing about the ports or hanging clothes in them is prohibited. 

220. A noncommissioned officer will be in charge of and at 
all times present and alert in the quarters of each company. 

221. Loud talking, gambling, profane or obscene language, 
and all unnecessary noise and confusion are strictly prohibited. 

222. No one shall go on the bridge except the commanding 
officer of the troops and the authorized ship's officers and employ- 
ees, and these only when their duties require their presence 
there. 

223. All persons will refrain from talking with the watch 
officer on duty. 

224. Smoking will be allowed on the main or mess deck, spar 
deck, and promenade deck, and in the smoking room, but will not 
be permitted on berth decks or in the saloon. 

225. No intoxicating liquors, wine, or beer will be allowed to 
be taken on board the transport, except in charge of the trans- 
port surgeon for medicinal purposes, nor will any person on 
board be allowed to have such liquors in his possession or to 
drink the same except upon written prescription of the surgeon. 

226. Wet clothes will never be hung about the berth decks, 
but will be taken on deck and hung on lines provided for that 
purpose. 



56 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

227. Officers and enlisted men will refrain from making com- 
plaints direct to officers of the ship or members of the crew, and 
will not enter into controversy with them concerning deficiencies 
of service, equipment, or supplies. When there is reasonable 
ground for dissatisfaction proper representation will be made by 
officers to the police officer, the mess officer, or the officer of the 
day, as circumstances may require ; in important cases they will 
address themselves to the commanding officer of troops. All re 
quests upon the deck or engine departments will be made to the 
master. 

228. Recruits will be given physical drill, and instruction in 
signaling, guard duty, the Articles of War relating solely to 
enlisted men, and in these regulations. 

PUNISHMENT OF OFFENSES COMMITTED ON BOABD. 

229. Where an offense is committed on an Army transport by 
a person subject to the Articles of War, a military prosecution 
should be immediately instituted by the preparation of charges 
and specifications. When an offense amounting to felony or a 
serious misdemeanor is committed by one member of the ship's 
company against another on the high seas, neither party being 
subject to the operation of the Articles of War, the offender 
will be confined and turned over to the proper United States 
court at the first port of entry ; if at such port of entry there be 
no court of the United States having jurisdiction over the 
offense committed, the offender will be held in confinement on 
board the ship until a port is reached in which there is a court 
of the United States having jurisdiction of the offense as a 
crime committed on the high seas outside the territorial juris- 
diction of any State or Territory. 

If the offense be committed in the territorial waters of a 
State or Territory, the prisoner will be turned over to the proper 
State or Territorial court, if there be one, having juisdiction of 
the offense. Should the offense be less serious, amounting to an 
infraction of the ship's discipline, or to a mere misdemeanor, 
reasonable disciplinary punishment may be imposed by the 
ship's master. 

Where an offense is committed on an Army transport but in 
the territorial waters of a State or organized Territory of the 
United States, the injured party being a civilian, not a member 
of the ship's company, the offender will be surrendered upon the 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 57 

presentation of a warrant by the proper Federal, State, or Ter- 
ritorial authority, and the officer serving the same will receive 
the necessary assistance in execution, as provided in the 74th 
article of war. If warrants from the United States and from 
the State or Territorial courts issue, in the same case, surrender 
will be made to the officer whose service is first in point of time. 
In no case, however, will any officer of the Army undertake to 
pass upon the sufficiency of a warrant issued by a court of the 
United States or of a State or Territory, such questions being 
for judicial, rather than executive, determination. 

COMMANDING OFFICER. 

230. In all cases when practicable an embarkation order will 
be issued by proper authority designating as the commanding 
officer of troops for the voyage the officer properly chargeable 
with such duty under the provisions of the 120th article of war. 
In the absence of such order, or when a line officer senior to 
the officer designated is subsequently on duty on the transport, 
the senior line officer will assume command of the troops em- 
barked and will be responsible for the discipline of his command. 
If another officer has been designated, instructions and papers 
delivered to him by the designating authority will be delivered 
to the officer assuming command under this paragraph. 

In the absence of specific orders from the President detaching 
officers of the Marine Corps for service with the Army, the 
120th article of war does not authorize such officers to command 
troops of the Army, and such officers will neither be assigned 
nor permitted by commanding generals or other officers of the 
Army to command troops of the Army on Army transports or 
elsewhere. 

231. The commanding officer may assign any field, staff, and 
company officers, passengers on board the transport not on a 
leave status, to such duties as may be for the best interests of 
the service. This applies to all officers, even though they may 
not be eligible for detached service in general ; provided, however, 
that an officer of company grade who is not eligible for detached 
service in general, but who is traveling on board the transport 
in compliance with orders to join a company from detached serv- 
ice, or to change station from one company assignment to an- 
other, may not be assigned to any duty that would serve to delay 
him in reporting in person for duty under his company assign- 
ment. 



58 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

232. Upon the arrival of an Army transport in a foreign port, 
the commanding officer of the troops on board will immediately 
report, in person or through a proper representative, to the 
American ambassador at the port the character and number of 
troops on board, the probable length of stay, and any other in- 
formation that may, in particular cases, be desirable. 

In the event that there is no American Embassy at the port 
the report will be made to the American consul thereat. 

233^ It is most important that the commanding officer of 
troops work in harmony with the master of the ship. 

These officers must on all occasions use their best endeavors in 
cooperating with each other in the execution of the duties re- 
spectively intrusted to them, in order that by their united exer- 
tions the service on which the ship is employed may be per- 
formed in the most efficient and satisfactory manner possible. 

234. They must by every means in their power cause a good 
understanding to be cultivated between the crew of the transport 
and the troops and other persons embarked, setting an example 
by civility and by showing every attention to the health and con- 
venience of all on board. 

235. The master will receive the support of the commanding 
officer of troops in all necessary and lawful measures. Inter- 
ference with the duties and prerogatives of the master and with 
his control of the ship are to be scrupulously avoTded, except in 
grave military emergencies involving the health, discipline, or 
safety of the command. 

236. The routine on board will be prescribed by the command- 
ing officer of troops. He will also enforce the provisions of sub- 
paragraph (a), paragraph 59, Special Regulations No. 41, Uni- 
form Regulations, 1917. 

A Navy Department general order requires that officers and 
enlisted men of the Navy or Marine Corps, embarked on United 
States Army transports, will at all times wear uniform. The 
uniform to be worn will be prescribed by the senior naval line 
officer or marine line officer embarked as the case may be, and 
will, as far as practicable, correspond to the uniform prescribed 
by the commanding officer of troops for the troops embarked. 

237. The commanding officer of troops, accompanied by the 
master or his representative, the officer of the day, the police 
officer, the transport surgeon, the senior surgeon on duty with 
the troops, and the quartermaster agent will inspect the berth 
and mess decks, latrines, bathrooms, hospital, cooking galleys, 
etc., each morning at 10.30 o'clock. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 59 

All officers making inspections on board ship will carefully 
observe any damage to or loss or destruction of any of the 
ship's fittings or property which may have been caused by 
individuals and make immediate report thereof in writing to 
the commanding officer, who will thereupon take action, as 
prescribed in Army Regulations, for fixing the responsibility 
and securing restitution to the Government for such damage, 
loss, or destruction as has been due to carelessness, willfulness, 
or neglect. Copies of each report and action thereon will be 
furnished the master. 

Orders will be issued by the master requiring all staterooms 
to be vacated daily for cleaning and inspection at a fixed hour. 

238. Prior to disembarkation a return will be furnished to the 
master showing the number of persons of all ranks carried to 
destination. 

239. During the closing days of the voyage the commanding 
officer of the troops will prepare a report relating to the accom- 
modation, food, and health of the troops, and giving any infor- 
mation which may enable the War Department to detect and 
correct abuses and punish neglect. This report will be handed 
to the officer of the Inspector General's Department detailed to 
inspect the transport, or to the officer in charge of water trans- 
portation, as the case may be, to be forwarded by him to The 
Adjutant General of the Army, through military channels, 
with his report of the inspection. In the event that it is im- 
practicable for the commanding officer to deliver the report in 
person, he will seal it and turn it over to the master, who 
will hand it to the inspecting officer upon his arrival. 

POLICE OFFICER. 

240. Immediately after completion of embarkation a suitable 
officer will be detailed as police officer. He will have general 
charge of the police of all parts of the ship occupied and used by 
the troops, especially the parts used in common, such as baths, 
wash rooms and latrines. He will see that the troop decks are 
swept clean each morning, and the mess decks after each meal, 
and will accompany the commanding officer of troops in his in- 
spections. 

241. A noncommissioned officer will be detailed on special 
duty as police sergeant, and will be the assistant of the police 
officer. He will have immediate charge of the general police, 



60 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

and particularly of all the closets, wash and bath rooms, and of 
the cuspidors therein and on the upper decks. 

242. A noncommissioned officer will be detailed on special 
duty in charge of each separate wash room, bathroom, or set of 
closets, under the orders of the police officer. Such number of 
privates as may be necessary will be detailed to report to the 
police officer for special duty in connection with the police of the 
ship. 

243. In minor matters concerning the police of quarters, the 
police officer will deal directly with the commanders of organi- 
zations. The latter will report to the police officer any minor 
deficiencies in water supply, ventilation, toilet facilities, etc. 
If not able to rectify them himself, the police officer will apply 
to the master of the ship. 

MESS OFFICER. 

244. Before embarkation a suitable officer will be detailed to 
have charge of the enlisted men at mess. A noncommissioned 
officer will be detailed on special duty under his immediate 
orders. Such assistants to cooks and bakers and such number of 
waiters as may be called for by the quartermaster agent will be 
detailed by the commanding officer of troops. 

245. All orders affecting the mess of the men will be prepared 
after consultation with the mess officer ; copies thereof will be 
furnished to the quartermaster agent. 

246. The mess officer will draw up a scheme for the service of 
messes in accordance with the facilities of the ship, fixing the 
time of arrival and departure of each organization, prescribing 
the doors of entry and exit of the mess room, and arranging all 
details necessary to prevent crowding and confusion. After 
approval by the commanding officer this plan will be published 
in orders. 

247. The mess officer will see that the meals are served as 
prescribed, that the utensils are cleaned and put away, and that 
the mess deck is properly policed. 

248. No food of any sort will be taken into the sleeping quar- 
ters of the men. 

249. The mess officer will be responsible for all articles of 
table furniture used by the troops. He will give a memorandum 
receipt therefor on taking charge, and will turn the articles over 
to the quartermaster agent on departure. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 61 

ROUTINE ON BOAED. 

250. The following list of calls, amended as circumstances 
may require, will be published by the commanding officer: 

Reveille 6.00 a. m. 

Breakfast 6.30 a.m. 

Sick 7.15 a. m. 

Guard mounting 8.00 a.m. 

Inspection 10.30 a. m. 

Dinner 12.00 m. 

Sick 4.00 p. m. 

Inspection 30 minutes before sunset. 

Supper 5.00 p. m. 

Retreat Sunset. 

Call to quarters 8.45 p. m. 

Taps 9.00 p. m. 

251. At reveille roll call the men will stand at " attention " 
at or near their bunks. 

Immediately after reveille the bedding, except that which is to 
go on deck for airing, will be neatly folded and placed at the 
head of the bed. 

252. When practicable, the berth decks of the men are to be 
cleared of all persons except those detailed to clean them, daily, 
from 8 a. m. until morning inspection is completed. 

253. Advantage will be taken of each fair day to air the 
bedding of the men on lines provided for that purpose, accord- 
ing to a schedule prepared by the police officer and approved 
by the commanding officer. 

254. Every man not on duty should be vigorously exercised 
or drilled at least 20 minutes daily. The commanding officer of 
troops will arrange the schedule in accordance with the space 
available. 

255. Bathing, according to facilities, will be enforced. The 
police officer will draw up an assignment of hours for the or- 
ganizations of the command. Company commanders will pre- 
pare lists and cause the names of men to be checked off as they 
bathe. 

256. Swimming will be allowed, under the direction of the 
guard, in harbor where there is no danger. Thirty men only 
are allowed to swim at one time, and for but 15 minutes. A 
boat will always be lowered and in attendance when men are 



62 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

swimming, and they will not be allowed by the guard to swim 
more than 150 feet from the ship's side. 

257. Inspection without arms will be held by company, daily, 
at 10 a. m. and 30 minutes before sunset. 

Inspection under arms will be held when ordered by the com- 
manding officer. 

Inspection in underwear should be held once a week, weather 
permitting. The surgeon shall attend these inspections and 
make a general examination as to the condition of the men to 
ascertain whether they exhibit any signs of disease. 

258. Saloon and smoking room lights will be put out at 11 
p. m., unless special permission is obtained from the master to 
the contrary, which fact will be reported to the officer of the 
day. 

259. In fair weather when a band is abroad the command- 
ing officer of troops will order one or more band concerts daily 
for the entertainment of the troops. The music must not in- 
terfere with the handling of the ship in going into or leaving 
harbor. The repertory of the band should include the national 
airs of the principal nations in order that the commanding 
officer may be able to respond to courtesies from foreign ves- 
sels and other sources. 

GUABD. 

260. The detail for guard will consist of an officer of the day, 
and of the necessary officers, noncommissioned officers, trump- 
eters, and privates. 

261. Guard duty on board ship will be performed in ac- 
cordance with the principles laid down in the Manual of Guard 
Duty, with such additions to and modifications of the special 
orders as may be necessary. 

A separate place will be assigned for the guard ; other enlisted 
men will not be allowed to trespass thereon. 

262. The guard will be used to preserve order, to protect 
property, to deny access to certain portions of the ship, to pre- 
vent the illegal selling of or other unauthorized disposition of 
food or subsistence stores by employees of the steward's de- 
partment in the various galleys and messes and the bakery, and 
in general to assist in enforcing these regulations and the pre- 
scribed routine of duty. 

263. The guard will see that lights are put out at the proper 
time and that no unauthorized lights are allowed. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 63 

OFFICER OF THE DAY. 

264. The officer of the day is responsible for the preservation 
of good order, and will enforce compliance with these regulations 
on the part of the troops. 

With this object in view, he will cause sentinels to be posted at 
places where disorder, confusion, disregard of regulations, or 
neglect of property are likely to occur ; for example, on the 
decks, over the water supply, in the wash room, in the mess 
room, over the baggage when necessary, and at ports, gang- 
ways, and ladders when in harbor. 

265. The officer of the day will see that the sentinels are 
properly posted and instructed ; that the calls are sounded at the 
proper time ; that the troops wear the prescribed uniform ; that 
there is no disorder at the serving of the meals or the airing of 
the bedding ; that the troops keep out of the engine room and 
other forbidden parts of the ship; that the lights are extin- 
guished at the prescribed time, and that no unauthorized lights 
are allowed. 

He will inspect between decks after taps and at other times 
when necessary. He will be particularly on his guard against 
the introduction of intoxicating liquor by men returning from 
pass, and will require careful inspection of such men and of all 
packages coming on board. All liquor in possession of the men 
will be seized, and thorough search for it will be made when its 
presence is suspected. 

OFFICER OF THE GUARD. 

266. The senior officer of the guard is the commander of the 
guard and the assistant of the officer of the day in the perform- 
ance of the duties required of him. 

He has the immediate responsibility for the posting and in- 
struction of sentinels. He will make frequent inspection, both 
by day and by night, and will exact the strictest performance of 
the duties required of them. 

267. The colors will be hoisted at guard mounting and 
lowered at retreat, under the direction of the guard, which will 
be formed at the time, the band in both cases playing The Star- 
Spangled Banner, or, if there be no band on board, the field 
music sounding " To the Color." All persons on deck will face 
the colors and stand at " attention," and officers and enlisted 
men, if not in ranks, will render the prescribed salute at the last 
note of the music. 



64 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

SENTINELS. 

268. The special orders for sentinels will be prescribed by 
the officer of the day, under instructions from the commanding 
officer. A written copy of the special orders for all the posts 
should be kept with the guard. 

269. Sentinels must be on the alert and observe everything 
going on in their vicinity. In compliance with their orders they 
will prevent blocking up of ladders and gangways, spitting on 
the deck or over the side, throwing of slops or dirt or stumps of 
cigars or cigarettes onto the deck or over the side, interference 
with any of the machinery or the lights, troops from going aloft 
or to forbidden parts of the ship, sitting on the ship's rail or 
about the rigging ; smoking, except on the upper decks ; noise or 
irregularity in the latrines or wash rooms ; waste of water ; the 
throwing of any improper substance or articles into the closets 
or urinals, and all loud talking, profane or obscene language, 
gambling, or unnecessary confusion. 

270. Talking, noise, or congregating of men on the upper 
deck must not interfere with movement of the ship, or handling 
of the anchors, winches, or other machinery. 

271. Sentinels on duty at entry ports or gangways will pre- 
vent soldiers from leaving the ship without authority ; other per- 
sons than soldiers or members of the crew from coming on board ; 
lounging of persons about ports or ladders ; throwing of articles 
from ports. 

272. Sentinels will not interfere with the ship's officers or 
crew in the discharge of their duties. They will arrest soldiers 
failing to obey their orders or behaving with disrespect toward 
them while on duty. They will seize any liquor found and arrest 
any intoxicated persons. 

273. Should a sentinel discover a fire on or near his post, he 
is not to cry " fire," but to report it immediately and quietly to 
the ship's officer on the bridge, who will at once notify the mas- 
ter ; the sentinel will then notify the officer of the guard, for 
which purposes he may quit his post temporarily. 

On the alarm of " fire " or a " man overboard " sentinels will 
cry in a loud and clear voice, " attention," and will cause all 
soldiers to remain at " attention " in their places to receive any 
order that may be issued. 

274. Prisoners. — Prisoners may be used for police purposes, 
under charge of a sentinel and under direction of the police 
officer. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 65 

The prisoners are to be brought up for air and for exercise at 
such time as prescribed by the officer of the day. 

They will not be allowed to have tobacco or matches in the 
prison cells. 

FIRE. 

275. It must be impressed on all on board that on the occur- 
rence of fire the most important and essential thing is silence 
and order; a quiet waiting for orders and a prompt and orderly 
execution of them. 

276. As soon as possible after embarking stations will be 
designated where each company is to form on the alarm of fire. 

The commanding officer will make, in consultation with the 
master, any details for assisting with the pumps or hose that 
may be necessary. 

These will be selected men, who will be instructed in their 
duties and the use of hose and appliances, and practiced in 
taking their posts once each day and once each evening, under 
direction of the police officer. They will not be detailed for 
guard. 

On the alarm of fire they will take their posts at once, without 
waiting for orders. 

277. Any person discovering fire will make it known quietly 
and immediately to the officer of the guard, who will cause the 
trumpeter of the guard to sound the " attention," followed by the 
fire call. 

278. In case of fire, the commanding officer of troops will 
be notified at once, and will go on deck to preserve order and to 
render assistance to the master in any measures that may be 
necessary. 

279. The staff and noncommissioned staff will report at once 
to the commanding officer to assist him at such place as shall 
have been previously designated by him. 

280. In the absence of the commanding officer of troops the 
officer of the day is charged with giving the necessary orders; 
all officers will be careful not to give conflicting instructions. 

281. Company commanders will form their companies and 
remain with them, enforcing order and silence and awaiting 
instructions. 

The guard will form on deck; extra sentinels will be posted 
where needed, to preserve order. 
56087°— 18 5 



66 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

The medical officer and hospital men will repair to the hos- 
pital and prepare to remove the sick, if necessary. 

282. The quartermaster agent will see that all staterooms 
are emptied and that all passengers, including the women and 
children, are collected in the main saloon and will remain there 
with them, unless urgent duties require his presence elsewhere, 
in which case the senior officer present will assume charge. 

283. In case of collision, man overboard, or other form of 
danger, all passengers, except such men as may have been de- 
tailed for boat service, will at once stand at attention and 
preserve silence. Upon receipt of proper orders commands will 
form promptly and quietly in their designated places. 

284. The recall will be sounded only by order of the com- 
manding officer of troops, in the case of fire or collision, when the 
danger is past ; of " man overboard," when the lifeboat shall 
have been hoisted up. 

Section XVI. 
DISEMBARKATION. 

285. On nearing port preliminary arrangements will be made 
with a view to facilitating prompt discharge of the baggage. A 
guard, commanded by an officer, will be formed just prior to 
arrival of the ship at the wharf. This guard will be the first 
to disembark and will furnish sentinels to guard the baggage 
and keep the wharf clear. 

286. Staff officers, with the instructions of higher authority, 
and orderlies to act as guides, should meet the command at the 
wharf. 

287. The troops will leave the ship by company, the order of 
departure being the inverse of the order of embarkation, and 
will form on the wharf under their officers. Each battalion 
will make the details required of it, and will then be marched 
to its camp. The regimental noncommissioned staff and band 
will march with one of the battalions. 

288. The following details will be required : 

One group to report to the police office to clean up the parts 
of the ship vacated by the troops. 

One group to report to the quartermaster of the troops to un- 
load light baggage of officers and men and the camp equipage. 

One group to report to the quartermaster of the troops to 
unload ammunition and property. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 67 

Each group of details will be assembled on the wharf, stack 
arms, unsling packs, and place a guard over them ; they will 
then be marched back to the ship and assigned to work by their 
officers. 

289. The regimental and battalion quartermasters and the 
regimental and company quartermaster sergeants in conjunc- 
tion with the ship's officers will have charge of the unloading 
and sorting of the baggage, ammunition, and property, and of 
its transfer to camp ; each wagonload should have two men as 
guard. 

290. No men, except the authorized details, will be allowed 
to return to the ship. 

The guard on board will be kept until the baggage and prop- 
erty are discharged and the police of the mess and berth decks 
is completed and will be the last to leave the ship. 

291. Wheu the transport is unable to come alongside the 
wharf the troops will be landed in small boats, towed by launches, 
or by means of tugs or lighters. 

The same general method of procedure will be followed as at 
a wharf, the details previously arranged and an advance guard 
being first landed, followed by the men with their arms and 
equipments, though in this case men who are detailed for 
fatigue duty on board will not leave the ship with their com- 
panies. 

Great care must be taken to avoid overcrowding the small 
boats, and the men will be cautioned to remain seated and 
quiet. 

When there is no wharf, each ship's boat will be manned by 
men of the crew to row and beach the boat after it is released 
by the launch. 

Section XVII. 
TRANSPORTATION OF ANIMALS AT SEA. 

292. For the transportation of animals at sea the Transport 
Service should be equipped with large steamers provided with 
bilge keels. The interior fittings should be of the most sub- 
stantial character, the construction and arrangement of the 
stalls being in accordance with approved plans on file in the 
office of the Quartermaster General. 

293. Before loading animals the quartermaster in charge of 
the shipment should satisfy himself that ample forage and 



68 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

water are provided for the voyage ; that the provisions for elec- 
tric lighting and for ventilation are satisfactory; that there is 
a sufficient number of attendants; that adequate veterinary 
supplies, disinfectants, and appliances for feeding, watering, 
grooming, and policing are on board, and that the ship is clean 
and sanitary. 

294. All animals suffering from the infections or contagious 
disease and those which are weak or very old should be sepa- 
rated as unfit for embarkation. 

295. For short voyages and immediate service upon landing 
the animals may be shod ; but when the voyage is to occupy a 
month or more the shoes should be removed, as the growth of 
the hoofs would necessitate reshoeing anyway immediately after 
landing. 

296. It is not desirable that animals be embarked in high 
condition; their forage should be reduced, and the day before 
embarkation they should be fed bran mash. 

They should not be watered or fed for several hours before 
embarkation. 

EMBARKATION. 

297. With the transport at the wharf the animals are led on 
board on ramps, or they are hoisted by means of slings or flying 
stalls. The ramps, decks, etc., should be covered with sawdust 
or litter ; the ramps should have closed sides 5 feet high. 

298. The animals should be led in quietly, without interrup- 
tion, starting with a gentle animal. Those that refuse the ramp 
should be led aside and later may be blindfolded and, if neces- 
sary, be assisted by a rope passed in rear of the haunches. 

On reaching the stable deck the animals will at once be led to 
the farthest vacant stalls, where a feed of hay should be ready 
for them. 

299. When animals are slung, all the apparatus will be care- 
fully inspected beforehand, and great care will be taken to pre- 
vent injury in hoisting or lowering. 

Two guys will be fastened to the halter ring, one to be held 
on the wharf and the other on board. 

When all is ready and the word " hoist away " is given the 
animals should be hoisted steadily and rapidly to the required 
height and then carefully swung and lowered. Two or more men 
should be stationed at the hatchway and between decks to guide 
the animals when being lowered and to receive them and prevent 
their plunging. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 69 

300. When the transport can not come alongside a wharf the 
animals must be conveyed to it in lighters or flatboats and hoisted 
or led on board. To reach the lighter from shore, gangways or 
temporary platforms may be used, 

CARE OF ANIMALS ON BOAED. 

301. Personnel. — For the whole cargo of animals there should 
be 1 senior noncommissioned officer, 3 cooks, 1 forage master, 
1 veterinarian and 1 assistant, and for each 100 animals there 
should be 1 noncommissioned officer and 15 privates. After 
making details for guard, kitchen police and mess attendants, 
and the usual allowance for sickness, every private will be re- 
quired to care for about 10 animals. When the personnel con- 
sists of civilian employees, a train master and wagon masters 
take the places of noncommissioned officers and teamsters take 
the place of privates indicated in this paragraph. 

302. Assignment. — The ship will be divided into sections, to 
each of which a noncommissioned officer with a squad will be 
assigned. The stalls should be numbered and the limits of the 
sections accurately defined so that each noncommissioned officer 
may know exactly for what animals and space he is responsible. 

The noncommissioned officer in charge of a squad makes his 
own details, calls the roll, keeps a forage record, and notes on the 
bulletin board the names of men on guard and the number of 
horses sick. 

The senior noncommissioned officer exercises a general super- 
vision, keeps the forage accounts, makes out the morning report, 
and is responsible for cleanliness and good order. 

303. Feeding. — For the first day or two at sea the full ration 
of hay should be fed, but no grain. After that half a ration of 
oats should be given daily and bran mashes about twice a week. 
Extra hay may be fed and a larger allowance of grain given to 
animals needing it. Salt may be fed in the bran mash or other- 
wise. 

304. Watering. — A supply of pure drinking water of not less 
than 10 gallons per day for each animal must be provided. 
Animals will be watered three times a day — before being fed in 
the morning, at noon, and before afternoon stables. Watering 
will be from buckets or zinc tubs filled through a hose provided 
with a stopcock at the end, thus avoiding waste. 

305. Grooming and stable police. — The animals should be thor- 
oughly groomed at afternoon stables, particular attention being 



70 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

given to hand rubbing the legs and sponging out the eyes, nos- 
trils, and dock. 

306. After breakfast each day the ship will be thoroughly 
policed. Stable orderlies at the rate of one for each 50 animals 
will be constantly on duty with the animals, and all manure will 
be at once removed and not allowed to accumulate. With the 
aid of a hose the decks will then be scrubbed and washed down. 
Vinegar will be applied once a day to the feed troughs with a 
brush, and disinfectants sprinkled about the stalls and in the 
passageways. 

307. Sick animals. — A few large stalls near hatchways should 
be reserved for sick animals. As forage is fed, other space will 
become available for ailing animals. The veterinary surgeon 
and his assistant will take charge of the treatment. In fairly 
smooth weather it will be better to supply sufficient litter for 
the animal to lie down than to trice him up in a sling. 

308. Inspection — When the morning's work is completed the 
ship should be thoroughly inspected. The stalls and passage- 
ways must be clean and the scuppers clear. The commanders 
of squads must be held to strict responsibility for the condition 
of the animals and space assigned to them. 

The veterinary surgeon will inspect at least once a day and 
keep a sharp lookout for signs of infectious or contagious dis- 
eases. He will make recommendations concerning necessary 
sanitary measures to the officer in charge. 

309. Mess. — The detachment may be fed by the ship's cook, 
or it may do its own cooking in the galley provided for that pur- 
pose. In either case the mess should be carefully looked after 
to see that the galley and surroundings are kept clean, and that 
a sufficient quantity and variety of food is properly cooked and 
served. 

310. Miscellaneous. — Each stall will have cleats nailed to the 
floor and continued into the passageway in front. 

Two halter chains will be provided, one fastened to each front 
stanchion with end and center straps, so that they can be used 
either long or short, as desired. 

The animals will at all times be fastened in the stalls by chain 
from each stanchion, the short attachment being used in fair 
weather, the long in rough weather or when feeding from deck, 
the object being in rough weather to allow the animals to step 
forward and get room to swing with the vessel and not be 
thrown. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 71 

DISEMBAKKATION. 

311. With the transport alongside a wharf the animals may- 
be led up on ramps and down a gangway, or hoisted and lowered 
by means of slings or the flying stall, the latter being preferred. 

A bed of sawdust, soft earth, or straw should be prepared to 
prevent injury to the knees of animals, which may fall upon 
landing. Animals will be received by men on shore, and when a 
sufficient number has landed they will be led to the stables, picket 
lines, or corrals provided. 

312. When it is necessary to lower horses into lighters the 
greatest care must be taken, especially if there is a swell, to 
prevent injury. The horse should be received by several careful 
men on a bed of straw, and the tackle must be slacked down rap- 
idly or let go altogether as soon as he strikes the boat in order 
that he may gain his footing. 

In smooth water it is best to construct a ramp from the ship 
to the lighter. This will facilitate unloading and save risk of 
injury. 

313. Animals may be landed by swimming, being lowered into 
the water by means of a sling or the flying stall, or they may be 
led to a port and forced into the water. The latter method, 
when practicable, is safer and quicker. 

A gangplank constructed of boards 16 feet long, the crosspieces 
being nailed on the under side, is poised on the edge of the port. 
The animal is led to the port, a light rope is tossed up from a 
boat below and passed through the halter ring ; the animal is 
then forced into the water by lifting up the interior end of the 
plank. When he begins to swim he is pulled up close to the boat, 
care being taken not to hold his head too high for swimming. 
At the beach the rope is given to a man who wades out from 
shore and takes charge of the animal. 

314. Animals landed after a long voyage should not be used 
for several days. By means of ample rest, gentle exercise, good 
grooming, and feeding, they should be recuperated before re- 
quiring work of them, being in the meantime reshod if necessary. 



72 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

Section XVIII. 

CONVOYS BY WATER AND RULES TOR NAVAL CON- 
VOY OF MILITARY EXPEDITIONS. 

[Prepared by the Joint Army and Navy Board, and approved by the 
President Nov. 22, 1917.] 

315. On interior waterways, water transportation derives its 
security principally from the presence of troops in the field. For 
protection against guerillas and raiding parties a shallow-draft 
steamboat, provided with machine guns and shelter against rifle 
fire, carries part of the escort and precedes the transports. 
Means for rapidly disembarking the escort are provided in order 
that hostile parties on shore may be quickly dislodged. In the 
case of narrow streams or canals lined with woods or other 
cover, it may be necessary to have the escort march on both 
sides and clear the country as it advances. 

At sea, on the Great Lakes, and on large rivers, inlets, and 
estuaries, convoy escort duty is performed by the Navy in ac- 
cordance with the following regulations which supersede during 
the continuance of war all previous regulations for the govern- 
ment of naval convoy of military expeditions. 

In these regulations, by " transport " is meant any vessel oper- 
ated or employed by the War or Navy Department to carry per- 
sonnel, animals, munitions, or stores from one port to another 
port. 

1. Equipping transports for service. — All matters relating to 
the purchase, charter, fitting out, equipping, and maintenance of 
Army transports or other vessels operating as transports under 
the control of the War Department, engaging their officers and 
crews and providing rules for their government, their interior 
discipline and administration, shall be controlled by the Army, 
except that all regulations concerning the security and defenses 
of the vessel and the safety of all persons on board, both at 
sea and in port, shall be prescribed by the Navy. 

2. All matters relating to the purchase, charter, fitting out, 
equipping, and maintenance of Navy transports or other vessels 
operating as transports under the control of the Navy Depart- 
ment in which Army personnel, equipment, or supplies are 
loaded shall be controlled by the Navy in all matters relating 
to engaging officers and crews, providing rules for their govern- 
ment, their interior discipline and administration, and pre 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 73 

scribing regulations for the security and defense of the vessel 
and the safety of all persons on board both at sea and in port. 

2£. The fitting out, equipping, and maintenance of transports 
belonging to or chartered by the War Department which are 
operated by the Navy Department for the War Department and 
which are manned by full naval crews, shall be controlled by 
the Navy Department. 

The Navy Department shall prescribe rules for the govern- 
ment, their interior discipline and administration, the security 
and defense of vessels, and the safety of all persons on board 
both at sea and in port. 

3. The loading of transports. — a. All matters relating to the 
loading of vessels employed as transports for the transportation 
of Army personnel, animals, or stores, whether such vessels are 
operated by the War or Navy Department, shall be under the 
charge of the Army. The quota of troops or cargo to be assigned 
to each vessel within the limits of her capacity, and the order 
in which the cargo shall be stowed shall be decided upon by the 
Army, after consultation with the convoy commander or his 
representative in order that the stability of the ship shall not 
be endangered in loading. Ammunition for ships' batteries 
shall be loaded by the Navy, after consultation with the proper 
Army authority. 

6. Whenever it becomes necessary to fit out and assemble 
many convoys for over-sea transportation the Navy Department 
may designate an officer of commensurate rank, and so inform 
the War Department, to have general supervision and direction 
of the inspection, preparation for service, and operation of trans- 
ports in the particulars enumerated in these regulations for a 
naval convoy commander. 

4. The naval convoy commander — Duties. — When an over-sea 
expedition requiring naval convoy has been decided upon the 
Navy Department shall appoint an officer of suitable rank as 
convoy commander and shall supply the War Department with 
full particulars as to painting, installing additional lookout sta- 
tions, changes in rig or in equipment required to insure the 
safety of such vessel and the lives of the persons on board, the 
armanent and fire-control system to be installed, and the com- 
missioned naval personnel and the number and ratings of the 
enlisted personnel to be embarked as gun's crews, bridge force, 
and communication force, in order that suitable accommodations 
may be provided for them. 



74 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

5. The naval convoy commander shall be furnished full infor- 
mation concerning the strength of the expedition and its pro- 
posed objectives. The Army authorities shall afford him ade- 
quate facilities for inspecting the transports as they assemble 
for the purpose of ascertaining whether they are properly armed 
and equipped for safety and defense ; supplied with the neces- 
sary communication systems for handling naval guns and for 
receiving reports from properly placed and equipped lookout 
stations; fitted with ground tackle, boats, life rafts, life pre- 
servers, lines, and all equipment necessary for the proper man- 
agement and control of the convoy while in transit or while 
disembarking men, animals, and equipment under the conditions 
which will probably be met ; and whether the accommodations 
provided for the naval personnel are suitable. The naval convoy 
commander shall call the attention of the Army commander to 
defects or deficiencies with respect to such matters, and the 
Army commander shall use every effort to remedy such defects 
or deficiencies in accordance with the judgment of the naval 
convoy commander. The naval convoy commander shall render 
all possible assistance with the resources at his disposal. In the 
event that it is found impracticable to remedy the defects or 
supply the deficiencies which, in the opinion of the naval convoy 
commander, if allowed to continue, will threaten the safety of 
the convoy or jeopardize the safety of the expedition, the matter 
shall be reported immediately to their respective departments by 
the Army commander and naval convoy commander. 

6. The inspection of accommodations of troops mi board na val 
transport*. — a. A joint inspection should be held prior to the 
first voyage of any naval transport embarking troops by the 
commanding officer or his representative and the commanding 
general at the port of embarkation or his representative. This 
inspection is to acquaint the Army authorities with the nature 
of the provisions which have been made to accommodate troops 
and to insure that these accommodations are, in the opinion cf 
the Army authorities, sufficient for the number of troops for 
which the transport is designed. 

6. After the above preliminary inspection, as provided- in 
subparagraph (a), no further inspection by the Army authorities 
in port is desirable or necessary. 

c. The commanding officer of troops on each voyage of any 
transport shall, during the voyage, inspect the accommodations 
and arrangements which have been provided for his troops. As 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 75 

a result of the above inspection, the commanding officer of troops 
shall, prior to disembarkation at the end of the voyage, confer 
with and report to the commanding officer of the transport any 
defects and deficiencies noted or alterations which he con- 
siders desirable or necessary. 

d. The commanding officer of the transport on return to the 
United States shall forward the report of the commanding 
officer of troops to the commander cruiser and transport force, 
who will, after consideration of the report, take the necessary 
action. 

e. The commanding officer of troops shall forward to the 
War Department a copy of the report referred to in subpara- 
graph (c) above. 

7. Strength of naval escort. — The naval escort for each group 
of transports shall consist of not less than one cruiser through- 
out the entire voyage. The escort shall be augmented in special 
areas so that the naval force available shall render maximum 
protection to the convoy throughout the voyage. 

8. Battery installed. — The Navy shall install in each transport 
a suitable battery and an efficient fire control and lookout system, 
and provide glasses for lookouts and full bridge equipment for 
making signals by day and by night. 

9. Navy personnel in transport. — An officer, if practicable, 
not below the rank of lieutenant commander in the Navy, and 
two other experienced officers, together with a suitable number 
of quartermasters, signalmen, extra lookouts, radio operators, 
and a full gun's crew for each gun, shall be detailed to each 
Army transport by the Navy Department. 

10. The Army commander, when embarked. — The Army com- 
mander shall be embarked in the flagship of the naval convoy 
commander, if practicable. If not practicable, the transport of 
the Army commander shall be placed in formation near the 
flagship ; and in this case the senior naval officer assigned to 
transports should be embarked with the Army commander, and 
an Army officer to represent the Army commander should be 
embarked in the flagship of the naval convoy commander. 

11. Orders to be issued. — When the destination and approxi- 
mate date of sailing, as decided upon by the War and Navy De- 
partments, have been communicated to the naval convoy com- 
mander by the Navy Department, the naval convoy commander 
shall issue the order as to the destination and the time of sail- 
ing, after the Army commander has stated to him that he is 



76 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

ready to sail. The orders of the convoy commander shall be 
immediately communicated to the Army commander. Should 
circumstances arise after sailing, which render change in plan 
or destination necessary or desirable for the safety of the ex- 
pedition, at sea and in disembarking, which change it is not 
practicable to refer to higher authority, the naval convoy com- 
mander shall, after consulting with the Army commander, de- 
cide as to such change. 

12. Making up and assembling convoy. — In making up a con- 
voy, with transports or groups of transports fitting out in dif- 
ferent ports, the senior naval officer present at any port ordered 
to duty with a transport of the convoy shall, under the direction 
of the naval convoy commander or his representative, have the 
duties and responsibilities in fitting out prescribed for the naval 
convoy commander in subparagraph 5. 

13. As soon as a transport is loaded and ready to proceed 
under naval convoy, the competent Army authority shall so 
notify the senior naval officer present on duty with the convoy. 
After this notification has been communicated to the senior 
naval officer on board a transport, his authority over her move- 
ments and his responsibility for her safety and defense shall 
begin when she leaves the dock or completes her loading in the 
stream. 

14. In accordance with the instructions of the naval convoy 
commander, in making up a convoy or part of a convoy in any 
port, the senior naval officer present on duty with the convoy 
shall prescribe anchorages in the harbor and the time and order 
of getting under way; arrange for the necessary pilotage out 
of harbor and through mine fields and obstructions ; determine 
the order and formation of ships in following mine sweepers ; 
and conduct the transports to the rendezvous decided upon by 
the naval convoy commander. 

15. Senior naval officer on board a transport — Duties. — a. 
The naval convoy commander shall have control of all move- 
ments of the convoy and shall prescribe all orders of sailing 
and formation. He shall make provision for emergencies, such 
as an attack by an enemy or a dispersion of the convoy due to 
weather or other circumstances. 

6. The naval convoy commander shall assure himself that 
his subordinates, placed on the transports, are familiar with 
his dispositions and plans. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 77 

: c. Should the transports become separated from the convoy- 
ing vessels, the senior naval officer present and on duty shall 
take charge of the convoy and control its movements in accord- 
ance with the plans of the convoy commander. 

16. a. The senior naval officer attached to a transport shall 
under the authority of the convoy commander, at all times, both 
at sea and in port, after the competent Army authority has re- 
ported the transport loaded and ready to proceed, have complete 
command of the transport in all matters relating to speed 
course, maneuvering, anchorage, and the defense of the vessel' 
and complete control over all signaling and radio. He shall 
act in accordance with the instructions issued to him by the 
convoy commander. He may call upon the commanding officer 
of troops for officers and men for any duty connected with the 
security and defense of the vessel or her personnel. The com- 
mander of troops shall detail officers and men in the numbers 
requested, and the officers and men so detailed shall perform 
the duties for which their services are requested under the 
direction of the senior naval officer on board. 

b. In case no troops are embarked in a transport under 
convoy the senior naval officer on board may call upon the 
Army quartermaster or the master of the vessel for the detail 
of men as additional lookouts, to assist in the supply of ammu- 
nition to the battery, or for any other duty connected with the 
safety of the vessel or her personnel; and the men shall be 
detailed in the numbers required and shall perform the duties 
for which their services are requested under the direction of 
the senior naval officer on board. 

c The senior naval officer on board shall be responsible for 
the sufficiency and the character of the exercises of the pas- 
sengers and crew of the transport at fire quarters, abandon 
ship, general quarters, and darken ship. He shall direct such 
changes from the established procedure on board in these evo- 
lutions as are necessary to meet war conditions, such as fire 
in action and abandoning ship as the result of injuries received 
in action. 

d. The senior naval officer, should it become necessary to 
abandon ship, shall direct the movements of the boats and, 
after consultation with the officer commanding troops and the 
master of the transport, shall take such further measures as 
may be necessary to insure their safety. 



78 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

e. The master and officers of the vessel shall perform their 
navigation and watch duties affecting her speed and movements 
under the direction of the senior naval officer on board, and, 
should there be any opposition to or interference with his au- 
thority in any way, the senior naval officer may call upon the 
commanding officer of troops, who shall then take such steps 
with the force under his command as may be necessary to en- 
force the authority of the senior naval officer. 

Section XIX. 

RULES FOR SAILING IN CONSORT WITHOUT NAVAL 
CONVOY. 

316. In the case of transports sailing in consort without naval 
convoy, the senior line officer on duty with the troops being 
transported by the fleet will, after consulting with the senior 
sailing master, issue such instructions as will insure the safety 
of each vessel, its passengers and cargo, and will indicate the 
relative positions of the vessels to be maintained while sailing 
in consort. 

Section XX. 

ARMY AND NAVY PERSONNEL ASSOCIATED ON DUTY 
OR EOR PASSAGE IN ARMY OR NAVY TRANS- 
PORTS. 

317. The following regulations governing the Army and Navy 
personnel associated on duty or for passage in Army or Navy 
transports, prepared by the Joint Army and Navy Board, and 
approved by the President November 22, 1917, supersede during 
the continuance of the war all previous regulations governing 
the Army and the Navy traveling together on shipboard. 

In these regulations by " transport " is meant any vessel 
operated or employed by the War or Navy Department to carry 
personnel, animals, munitions, or stores from one port to another 
port. 

318. Enlisted men of the Navy and Marine Corps, while being 
transported on an Army transport, shall be subject to and obey 
the United States Army Transport Service Regulations and shall 
be liable to their proportionate share of police and guard duty 
whenever the commanding officer of troops on board the trans- 
port shall deem it advisable to divide those duties between the 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 79 

enlisted men of the Army and those of the Navy or Marine 
Corps on board. Enlisted men of the Navy and Marine Corps 
may also be called upon, but only when in the judgment of said 
commanding officer there is an emergency, to perform such duty 
as their special knowledge and skill may enable them to perform. 

Enlisted men of the Army, while being transported on a naval 
vessel, shall be subject to and obey the regulations Of the ship, 
and shall be liable to their proportionate share of police and 
guard duty whenever the commanding officer of the ship shall 
deem it advisable to divide those duties between the enlisted 
men of the Navy and those of the Army on board. Enlisted men 
of the Army may also be called upon, but only when in the judg- 
ment of said commanding officer there is an emergency, to per- 
form such duties as their special knowledge and skill may enable 
them to perform. 

All orders to enlisted men of the Navy or Marine Corps on 
board an Army transport, or to enlisted men of the Army on 
board a naval vessel, shall, as far as practicable, be given 
through their respective officers, noncommissioned or petty 
officers. (Executive order published in G. O. 7, W. D., 1909.) 

319. a. When officers of the Army and detachments of troops 
with their equipment and stores are embarked in a naval vessel 
for transportation, the officers and troops shall be quartered 
and the equipment and stores stowed as directed by the com- 
manding officer of such naval vessel, after consultation with 
the Army officer commanding troops or the quartermaster in 
charge of equipment and stores, as the case may be. 

o. Similarly, when officers of the Navy and Marine Corps 
Avith a detachment of sailors or marines with their equipment 
and stores are embarked in an Army transport for transporta- 
tion, the officers and enlisted men shall be quartered and the 
equipment and stores stowed as directed by the properly con- 
stituted Army authority on board, after consultation with the 
naval officer or marine officer commanding the detachment. 

c. Officers of the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps embarked 
for passage in vessels operated by the Army or by the Navy 
shall be quartered and messed in accordance with their seniority 
in rank, but they shall not displace the officers regularly at- 
tached to the vessel as part of her complement. Similarly, en- 
listed men shall be messed and quartered in accordance with 
their ratings or ranks. 



80 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

EULES THAT SHALL APPLY IN WAB. 

320. a. Quarters for the naval officer representing the naval 
convoy commander and his assistants assigned to an Army trans- 
port for duty shall be provided with a view to the duties they 
are to perform in the control of the ship and her defense. The 
quarters for the senior naval officer shall be in close proximity 
to the navigating bridge and shall be assigned irrespective of 
rank. The quarters for the naval officers detailed as assistants 
to the senior naval officer shall be in close proximity to their 
battery stations, and shall be assigned irrespective of rank. 

ft. The commanding officer of troops, the quartermaster, the 
quartermaster agent on board, or the master of the vessel, as 
the case may be, shall make the necessary assignments of quar- 
ters and storage spaces for the use of the naval guard, their 
clothing, and the equipment and stores for operating the bat- 
tery. Similarly, the naval contingent of enlisted men whose 
duties are on the bridge, in the radio room, or at the battery 
shall be quartered with a view to the duties they are to perform 
in the navigation and defense of the ship. 

321. Routine, drills, and exercises. — a. Upon going on board 
an Army transport the commanding officer of troops, the senior 
naval officer assigned to the ship representing the naval convoy 
commander, and the master of the ship shall meet and arrange 
for thorough cooperation in everything which affects the voyage. 
Careful joint consideration will be given to (1) the Field Serv- 
ice and Army Transport Regulations in the particulars in which 
they bear upon joint Army and Navy operations in the over-sea 
transportation of troops; (2) to the special instructions issued 
by the Navy Department or naval convoy commander for ships 
in convoy. 

b. The senior naval officer shall carefully examine the bills 
for fire and collision quarters and abandon ship, and shall 
modify them in accordance with the instructions of the naval 
convoy commander or to meet the emergencies of fire in action 
or abandoning ship as the result of attack, as in his judgment 
the structural peculiarities of the ship or special conditions may 
make necessary ; and the commanding officer of troops shall 
direct that these changes be made and that the exercises as 
modified be carried out. The senior naval officer shall cause to 
be prepared bills for general quarters and darkening ship. 

c. The senior naval officer shall indicate the frequency with 
which the emergency drills and exercises are to be held, and he 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 81 

•shall later be present at these drills and indicate desirable 
modifications in the routine as the crew and passengers become 
more proficient iu their duties. 

d. The senior naval officer shall establish the routine of exer- 
cises for the battery manned by the naval board, for signal 
drills, and for snch other exercises as he may consider essential 
to keep the men and equipment constantly prepared for battle ; 
and he shall personally with his assistants have full control of 
and supervise these battle drills and exercises. 

e. The commanding officer of troops shall designate localities 
where the different troop units will habitually fall in for muster 
and other military formations, and in like manner he shall 
designate the localities for the muster and exercise of the dif- 
ferent units of the naval guard, after consultation with the 
senior naval officer. 

/. The commanding officer of troops, or the master of the 
vessel if no troops are carried, shall in every way support and 
assist the senior naval officer in the performance of these duties, 
and shall assign details from the troops or crew to supplement 
the guns' crews, ammunition supply, or lookouts, if requested 
to do so by the senior naval officer. 

g. The daily routine for troops shall be decided by the com- 
manding officer of troops. He shall consult the senior naval 
officer aboard as to the routine established for the naval guard, 
with a view to arranging that there shall be no conflict of 
authority in carrying out the measures necessary for the safety 
of the ship in her navigation and defense. Bugle calls shall not 
be sounded at night except in case of emergency to send per- 
sonnel to stations to resist an attack. 

It. While in danger zone, or at any time when submarine 
attack may be expected, all three meals for officers, troops, 
naval board, and crew should be served when practicable during 
daylight. If lights are used in galleys or bakery after dark, 
these spaces shall be absolutely screened from showing lights 
outside. When it is necessary to have lights all doors to open 
decks should be fitted with automatic extinguishing cut-out 
switches. 

i. The troops shall be exercised in all ship emergency drills. 

and shall take part in all of them until proficiency is attained. 

Their duties will be carefully explained to them by their officers 

in accordance with the plans and station bills prepared to meet 

56087°— 18 6 



83 AK.MY TSANSFORT SEEVICE. 

the emergencies of ship-defense drills to resist attack, fire quar- 
ters, collision quarters, and abandon ship. 

322. Small-arm and machine-gutt d/e'laWte. — a. The command- 
ing officer of troops shall organize details of troops with ma- 
chine guns and rifles to stand watch, if necessary, and assist 
in the defense of the ship when called upon by the senior naval 
Officer; and he shall cause such drills and exercises of these 
details to be held as are required to make them proficient in 
quickly manning stations and opening an effective fire. 

o. The senior naval officer on board is primarily responsible 
for the defense of the ship against attack at sea. and such pro- 
tective measures as are taken by the commanding officer of 
troops to reinforce the naval guns in action shall be in accord- 
ance with the request of the senior naval officer, who shall, 
through the commanding officer of troops or his representative, 
control both the machine-gun and Infantry fire. 

c. In case of attack by gunfire only the troops and crew that 
are actively engaged in the defense should be exposed. Others 
should be mustered below decks, if practicable, ready to replace 
men in action or to abandon ship when necessary. 

323. Berthing of troops. — a. Berthing spaces for troops shall 
be numbered and lettered for identification. The bunks shall 
be numbered in each berthing space. Clear directions for exit 
from these spaces to the deck shall be posted on bulletin board. 
Suitable signs, arrows, lights, and luminous paint, where neces- 
sary, shall show the direction of ladders for exit. 

b. When berthing and messing spaces for troops are pro- 
vided in both the forward and after part of the ship, with super- 
structures intervening, troops will be instructed to remain, so 
far as practicable, in their own part of the ship and clear of the 
spaces reserved for working the batteries. This procedure is 
necessary to avoid congestion of passengers in sudden emergen- 
cies and to assist the naval guard in operating the guns and 
ammunition supply chains. 

324. Messing and living arrangements. — a. The naval guard, 
other than the commissioned, warrant, or chief petty officers, 
shall provide their own mess gear (kits). It is desirable that 
the naval contingent mess separately from the troops, and that 
their messing arrangements should conform to the periods of 
watch standing, drills, and tours of duty. 

b. When in the danger zone the naval guard should mess at 
their guns, weather permitting. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 83 

c. Commissioned and warrant officers shall be assessed the 
cash value of their mess expenses, and the cost of rations of 
enlisted men shall be adjusted by transfer of the necessary 
appropriations. 

d. Arrangements shall be made for the naval guard upon an 
Army vessel employed by the Army to carry troops, animals, or 
material, to draw pay which may be due them and necessary fo>- 
current needs. To this end each naval guard shall be accom- 
panied by a statement of the account of each man; and the 
proper disbursing Army officer on board, or the master of the 
Army transport, or the master of a chartered vessel, as the case 
may be, shall make the disbursements required when recom- 
mended by the senior naval officer or enlisted man in comma; id 
of the guard. The statement of accounts of the men so paid 
when transferred shall show entered on its face the amounts 
paid ; and the accounts of men so paid shall be adjusted by the 
Navy Department with the War Department or with the com- 
pany represented in the charter. 

e. The vessel shall supply commissioned, warrant, and chief 
petty officers of the naval armed guard with the necessary 
quantities of towels, blankets, bed, and table linen. 

/. While in the danger zone, all persons on board, day and 
night, shall remain fully dressed. At this time all officers shall 
be at their stations, in their staterooms, in the lounging rooms 
provided, or in the vicinity of the men they command. 

325. Troop messing.— a. In arranging for troop messing, hav- 
ing in view the service of all meals in daylight, to avoid con- 
fusion and crowding in case of emergency, carefully prepared 
plans shall be put in operation fixing the time of arrival and 
departure of each organization in its designated mess space and 
prescribing the exits and entrances to the mess spaces. While 
in the danger zone the naval guard shall be supplied with food 
at their battle stations, unless from the conditions of weather or 
other circumstances it is clearly impracticable. 

b. No food of any sort shall be served in staterooms or taken 
into berthing spaces, except in case of illness upon the special 
request of a medical officer. 

c. Nothing that floats shall be thrown overboard. All waste 
material that can be burned shall be burned. Bottles shall be 
broken and tin cans well punctured upon being tnrown over- 
board. Garbage that can not be burned shall be accumulated in 
suitable receptacles and thrown overboard from all ships of 
convoy simultaneously one hour after sunset each night. 



84 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

326. Life preservers. — Each man on board, when lie embarks, 
shall be supplied with a life preserver, which will be hung near 
his bunk or hammock until the ship enters the danger zone. He 
will thereafter carry the life preserver with him while awake 
and keep it near him while asleep. 

327. Smoking. — Smoking during daylight shall be permitted 
on mess decks and on such open decks as passengers, troops, 
and naval guard are permitted to use. Smoking in berthing 
spaces shall be strictly prohibited. No smoking on open decks 
between sunset and sunrise shall be permitted. Special sepa- 
rate compartments for night smoking, from which no light shall 
be visible from outside, may be arranged for if practicable, and 
a sufficient number of smoking lamps should be provided. 

328. Lights. — a. Matches shall be strictly prohibited from 
being carried, except by officers and such other persons as may 
be authorized by the commanding officer of troops. A match 
must never be lighted on an open deck at night. Safety matches 
only will be permited on board. 

b. No flashlights, except Government property, shall be allowed 
on board. Outside a few specially designated men of the naval 
guard, troops, and transport crew, none of the Government lights 
shall be allowed in the hands of enlisted men at sea. Officers 
engaged about the battery, on the bridge, and in inspection duty 
may be permitted to have flashlights with blue lenses, but they 
must never flash them on open decks at night. 

c. Flashlights, the private property of officers of troops or 
Government owned for the use of troops, other than those men- 
tioned above and continued in use by authority, shall be turned 
into custody upon embarking. 

329. Fresh water. — Fresh water for drinking purposes shall 
be provided in suitable scuttle butts in crew and troop spaces 
and in the vicinity of the guns, bridge, dynamo rooms, and ma- 
chinery and boiler spaces. Boat breakers in boats and troop 
canteens shall be kept filled at all times. 

330. Bulletin board and route signs. — a. Bulletin boards shall 
be provided wherever needed giving important extracts from 
•ship regulations and orders, especially all that should be known 
to passengers, troops, and crew covering safety precautions and 
procedure during such emergencies as enemy attack, fire in 
action, and in abandon ship. Ship profile and deck plans shall 
be posted, showing clearly the location of fire plugs and appli- 
ances for extinguishing fire ; location of boats ; lists of persons 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 85 

assigned to each boat, with position in bout ; provisions to be 
carried ; also places of mustering of detachments for abandoning 
slnp ; ladders and gangways to be used. 

b. Appropriate printed signs shall be posted throughout the 
ship to indicate where passengers and troops may not go or 
loiter, such as the bridge and bridge deck ; the spaces reserved 
for the naval guard about their guns; in wake of ammunition 
supply chains when guns' crews are at quarters; the radio 
and communication rooms; the engine and fire rooms. 

331. Fire. — a. If a fire should be discovered by any person, 
he should do his utmost to extinguish it, and at the same time 
make it known quietly to the officer of the deck and the officer 
of the guard. If the fire can not be extinguished at once with 
the means at hand, the fire call shall be sounded by the officer of 
the deck, and the officer of the guard shall cause the assembly 
to be sounded for the troops to fall in at their designated places 
for muster. Sufficient space must be cleared in the vicinity of 
the fire, and there must be no crowding by the use of more men 
to extinguish it than may be necessary. 

6. Great care must be exercised, especially at night and in 
the danger zones, to prevent unnecessary bugle calls and ringing 
of the ship's bell. Most emergencies, such as small fires, should 
be met by passing the word to those detailed to operate safety 
appliances in certain parts of the ship. 

c. Fire in action should be extinguished by those in the im- 
mediate vicinity. No general alarm by ringing the ship's bell 
or by bugle calls should be given. 

d. All fire appliances should be inspected daily, and in the 
danger zones hoses and nozzles shall be coupled on and water 
pressure maintained on the fire system up to the operating 
valves. 

332. Collision. — a. All water-tight doors that can be kept 
closed shall be closed at all times and at sunset personally in- 
spected by the ship's officers, and so reported to the officer of 
the deck. When it becomes necessary, by permission of the offi- 
cer of the deck, to open certain specified water-tight doors tem- 
porarily, they shall be kept under observation by men especially 
stationed for the purpose, and must be again promptly closed 
when the need no longer exists, and the fact reported to the 
officer of the deck. 

b. All air ports shall be kept closed except those especially 
designated by the master of the transport. Great care must be 
exercised to see that all air ports are at night carefully screened. 



86 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

c. In the event of a collision or being struck by a torpedo, 
the call shall be sounded, a single blast of the siren. The assem- 
bly call shall be sounded and the troops formed at quarters. 
Sentries shall be stationed to prevent the lowering of boats. 

d. The signal to secure or retreat from collision quarters 
shall be three long blasts of the siren. 

333. Darkening ship. — a. All lights, except in spaces from 
which lights can not be seen outside, shall be extinguished at 
sunset. 

From sunset to sunrise the illumination of troop spaces, crew 
spaces, officers' quarters, and all other spaces from which lights 
can be seen from outside shall be accomplished by a special blue- 
light circuit. These blue lights shall be so located and screened 
that they can not shine directly or be reflected out or up, but 
they must shine down and give sufficient illumination to per- 
mit the personnel to see dimly in order to make traffic about the 
ship practicable. This circuit shall be turned on at sunset and 
turned off at sunrise. 

o. To replace the electric lights in the event of injury to 
electric plant, oil lanterns should be distributed to illuminate 
the localities from which boats will be lowered, where men are 
to embark in the event of abandoning ship, in troop and crew 
spaces, passageways in superstructure decks, and in engine and 
fire rooms. 

c. The officer of the day and his noncommissioned assistants 
shall make during the night careful inspections at short intervals 
for unauthorized lights or those which may show or reflect out- 
side. 

d. The troops and crew must be diligently instructed that 
carelessness in showing a light, by permitting an electric light 
to shine out or its light to be reflected up against a polished sur- 
face, by a flashlight shown on deck, by careless smoking, or by 
striking a match on deck not only endangers the ship but also 
the entire convoy and makes it subject to torpedo attack by an 
awaiting submarine which otherwise might not be able to reach 
torpedo range. 

334. Lookouts and resisting attacks. — a. In transports the 
lookout system upon which the safety of the ship may depend 
should approximate as closely as possible to that in use upon 
war vessels. The safety of the ship depends upon quick maneu- 
vering when a periscope is sighted or the track of an approach- 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 87 

ing torpedo is seen. Lookouts should be so stationed (1) that 
each individual has a definite sector of the horizon and sur- 
face of the sea to the ship under close observation at all times ; 
(2) the period of watch standing should not be lunger than one 
hour, if possible; only men with good eyes should be employed, 
after examination by a medical officer ; (3) vessels surrounded 
by convoying vessels do not require as many men on lookout as 
when proceeding without a convoy. 

b. If under convoy, the lookouts to be stationed in each 
transport shall be prescribed by the naval convoy commander. 
If not under convoy, the Army commander or other Army au- 
thority present, or the master of the vessel if there is no com- 
petent Army authority on board, shall prescribe the lookout sys- 
tem to be employed, in accordance with the following rules, 
modified if absolutely necessary by a lack of personnel. There 
may or may not be a naval guard on board. 

c. In general, there shall be established lookout stations as 
follows: Foretop, in the bows, each side of navigating bridge, 
each side of superstructure deck, aft, and in the after top dur- 
ing daylight. At night, in the bows, each side of navigating 
bridge, each side of superstructure aft. The period of a lookout 
watch shall be one hour unless circumstances render a longer 
watch absolutely necessary. 

In so far as ] practicable, lookouts shall be furnished with 
binoculars, and each lookout shall always use the same glass. 
Each lookout will be assigned a definite sector and will be re- 
quired to maintain the closest watch possible within that sector, 
n,q hiatier vliiit may be h&ppem&g in any other sector. Experi- 
ence has shown that the especially dangerous time is at break 
of day and just before sunset. 

(1. The naval guard, if present, will include, if practicable, 
a number of trained lookouts. This number shall be increased 
as required by details from troops and (or) crew of transport. 

e. In the danger zones all men of the crew and troops off 
duty shall be considered lookouts, and they shall report any- 
thing suspicious to the nearest lookout station. 

/. There shall be telephone and voice-pipe communication 
between the navigating bridge and ail lookout stations, except 
where lookouts, as on the ends of navigating bridge, are imme- 
diately in communication with the officer on watch. 

There shall be voice-pipe or telephone communication between 
the navigating bridge and the guns of the battery. 



88 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

g. Submarines on surface are visible on the horizon for a 
distance of about 9 miles in clear weather. When awash sub- 
marines can not be seen over 5 miles. From a low position when 
submarine is silhouetted against a bright sky a greater range 
of visibility may be had. A submarine submerged with only 
periscope showing will first be discovered by the wake of the 
periscope through the water. If submarine is submerged and 
motionless, periscope may be seen from a low position silhou- 
etted against the sky background. 

When a submarine porpoises a distinct wake is made. It 
does this in a rough sea in order to get a better look through 
the periscope. 

The wake of a torpedo is distinctive and can be picked up 
readily in smooth water at a distance of 2,000 yards. In rough 
water or at night the wake of a torpedo is difficult to detect. 

h. Floating mines may be encountered under the following 
conditions : 

(1) Two mines connected by lines. 

(2) Secured to bottom of dummy periscope, the periscope 

mounted in a box or other object. 

(3) In water-logged boats. 

(4) Attached to wreckage. 

Care must always be taken in npproaching any floating ob- 
ject to which a mine may possibly be attached. 

i. The alarm, preferably by gongs in all compartments, rung 
from the bridge, or by bugle calls in compartments, shall be 
sounded upon discovery of suspicious vessels, surface craft, or 
submarine, both by day and night, as a warning to be on the 
alert. The sounding of the alarm must not cause panic. 

Upon sounding the alarm, the members of the crew off duty 
and the "troops shall fall in quietly at their assigned stations for 
muster under their officers and stand fast. Officers of the Army 
and Navy on board shall wear revolvers and enforce rigid obedi- 
ence. The alarm does not mean disaster ; only a torpedo ex- 
ploding in a vital part of the ship or prolonged gunfire can 
endanger the ship; ships have been known to float for hours 
with many large compartments flooded. 

j. The naval guns' crews shall always be near the guns and 
instructed to fire immediately in the direction of a periscope 
sighted, as a warning to other vessels and to embarrass the aim- 
ing of a torpedo. Troops must keep clear of the guns and of 
the ammunition supply and must maintain silence. The details 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 89 

of riilernen and machine-gun men shall stand by to reentforce the 
fire of the guns. They shall not open fire until so directed by the 
senior naval officer controlling the fire and at the target or 
targets indicated by him. 

k. As a precautionary measure solely, the crew, assisted by 
details of troops, shall prepare lifeboats for lowering, and, if 
circumstances permit, lower them to the level of the open decks 
ready for embarking of troops. Life rafts similarly shall be 
made ready for launching. 

Sentries shall be stationed to prevent troops or other persons 
from invading the upper decks, tampering with the boats, or 
interfering with the naval guns' crews in their duties. 

When secure and retreat has been sounded, the personnel shall 
be dismissed and shall return immediately to their quarters or 
parts of the ship assigned to thorn. 

335. Abandoning ship. — a. All boats shall be provided witb 
the following outfit securely lashed inside the boat : 

(1) Sails and spars. 

(2) Boat bucket for bailing. 

(3) An edible ration for number assigned to boat. 

(4) Breaker of water. 

(5) One heaving line with small life preserver on end. 

(6) One set of oars and two spare oars. 

(7) Rowlocks with lanyards. 

(8) One first-aid package, including tourniquet. 

(9) One water-tight package of calcium phosphide. 

(10) One boat hatchet. 

(11) One oil tank and two oil bags. 

(12) One compass. 

(13) Coston signals. 

(14) Safety matches. 

(15) Oil lantern, trimmed and filled. 

While it is expected that those on rafts will be provisioned 
and assisted by the boats, each man who abandons ship on a 
raft shall carry secured to his person two rations and a full 
canteen. Full canteens shall likewise be carried by all troops 
abandoning ship in boats. 

While in the danger zones lifeboats shall be constantly ready 
for lowering, and they shall be daily inspected as to complete- 
ness of equipment. 

b. For each boat there shall be detailed to superintend load- 
ing, lowering, and in charge an officer of the ship, a reliable 



90 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

petty officer or seaman of the crew, or an officer, petty officer, 
or seaman of the naval guard. The personnel detailed to the 
boats shall be in proportion to the troops and seamen of the crew 
or naval guard. 

In the danger zones, when practicable, each boat shall be 
rigged out, frapped into the rail, and a sea painter carried to 
her from forward. 

Boats shall not be lowered or rafts launched except upon the 
direct order of the senior naval officer on board, or the master 
of the vessel, if the vessel is not under naval convoy. Special 
signals shall be arranged between deck and engine rooms in 
order to have engines promptly stopped in case of emergency. 
Rafts shall not be slid over the side as long as there is danger 
of interfering with boats. 

At each boat-embarking station there shall be kept additional 
life preservers for occupants of boats which may be seriously 
damaged in launching. 

c. The ship must be stopped in its motion through the water 
before boats can be safely lowered. 

The signal for lowering the boats shall be given from the 
bridge. 

d. Boats shall be prepared for lowering, lowered, and life 
rafts launched by the officers and crew of the transport, assisted 
by the naval guard. Officers with troops will keep their men in 
ranks until the order is given to man the boars, unless called 
upon to assist in rigging them out. They should then march their 
men to the designated boats and report to the officer or petty officer 
in charge of the boat. Boats when filled and lowered shall imme- 
diately pull clear of the ship's side. All persous shall be cau- 
tioned against jumping overboard from any distance above the 
water. There is danger of breaking the neck from blow by life 
preserver upon striking the water or from being hit by a life 
raft in launching. The life rafts shall, if practicable, be pro- 
vided with a light line and eased down the ship's side after 
launching. Life lines and Jacob's ladders shall be thrown over 
the side for the men to use. Men detailed to life rafts shall 
remain with the ship until their life raft is in the water. 

e. The officers and men of the naval guard shall remain at 
their stations a': long as practicable or necessary. The gun 
crews shall continue firing at the submarine, if visible, and fire 
control and lookouts shall keep watch for other submarines 
which may endeavor to fire torpedoes at the ship or attack with 
gunfire the boats and men in the water. 



ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 91 

/. Upon special signal from the bridge the engine and fire- 
room force shall secure below and come on deck, put on life pre- 
servers, and fall in at the boats and rafts to which assigned 

336. The ftdtal gutird. — a. The naval guard may be placed 
on duty on board any vessel operated or employed or chartered 
by the Army, whether carrying troops, animals, or military 
stores, by competent naval authority, at the request of the War 
Department. The armed guard mans, works, and supplies am- 
munition to the battery ; stands regular watch at the guns ; 
takes the most important posts on lookout, if it does not inter- 
fere with working the guns; and performs police duties in the 
part of the ship occupied by them. 

b. A commissioned or warrant officer or enlisted man of the 
seaman branch may be detailed in command. Such officer or 
man shall follow closely the instruction given him by competent 
naval authority as to his duties and the duties of t&4 naval 
guard. If a commissioned officer, his authority, responsibility, 
and duties are those laid down in these regulations for the 
" senior naval officer on board." If a warrant officer or enlisted 
man, his authority is limited to commanding the naval guard 
and employing it in the defense of the ship in case of attack. 
He shall, however, assist the master of the vessel, or the compe- 
tent Army authority on board, in every way possible whenever 
his professional knowledge may tend to promote the safety of 
the vessel and the success of the expedition. The status of the 
senior naval officer on board a transport is not changed by the 
transport proceeding without naval convoy or parting company 
with the convoy commander. 

c. Men detailed at the request of the officer or enlisted man 
in command of the naval guard to assist in the supply of ammu- 
nition, or for other necessary purpose connected with the duties 
of the naval guard in insuring the safety of the personnel and 
in protecting the ship, shall perform their duties under his 
direction. 

d. Such details of troops or men of the crew shall always 
be made by the officer commanding troops, or the master of the 
vessel, as the case may be, when the service to be performed 
is clearly necessary. 

337. General.— Nothing in these regulations shall be inter- 
preted to limit the authority or lessen the responsibility of the 
commanding officer of troops, the senior naval officer on board, 
or the master of the vessel, each in his own sphere of activity, 



92 ARMY TRANSPORT SERVICE. 

to use his discretion and cooperate to the fullest extent possible 
to increase the efficiency of the service upon which he is en- 
gaged. Each commanding officer of troops, senior naval officer 
on board, and master of the vessel must exercise at all times 
his discretion and initiative in carrying out certain of the above 
regulations which may be found after experience to be imprac- 
ticable for the type of vessel upon which embarked, or in taking 
other measures which the conditions at the time demand. 

In the event that there are no troops carried, or that the vessel 
is not proceeding under naval convoy, or that there is no naval 
guard on board, the above regulations shall be considered guides 
to procedure and action only in so far as they apply to the par- 
ticular conditions to be met ; but none of them should be dis- 
regarded by the competent authority on board which can in the 
slightest degree contribute to the safety of the personnel em- 
barked and the success of the expedition. 



INDEX. 



[References are to paragraphs.] 

Abandoning ship : Paragraphs. 

Boats 335 

Rations 335 

Absence. (See Leaves of absence.) 

Agent at over-sea ports. (See Transport agent.) 

Agent, quartermaster. (See Quartermaster agent.) 

Alterations 103, 123, 138 

Ammunition, loading 19S 

Animals : 

Care of, on board, general rules — 

Assignment 302 

Feeding 303 

Grooming 305 

Inspection 308 

Miscellaneous > 310 

Personnel 301 

Sick animals 307 

306 

304 

294,20(1 



311-314 

297-300 

292, 293, 302, 310 



Stable police 

Watering 

Condition of 

Crew to assist in care of 

Disembarkation 

Embarkation 

Fitting ships for 

Preparation of, for embarkation 296 

Shoeing 295 

Supplies, etc 293 

Appointments : 

Agent at over-sea ports 

Assistant to general superintendent 5 

Assistant to marine superintendent 6 

Assistant to superintending engineer 6 

Chief stevedore 6 

General superintendent 5 

Marine superintendent 6 

Medical superintendent 5 

Oath of service 40,47 

Personnel — 

At home ports 5-7 

On transports 5-7 

Port steward 6 

Quartermaster agent 6 

93 



04 INDEX. 

Appointments — Contin i Paragraphs. 

Quartermaster purveyor 6 

Ship's officers 6 

Signal superintendent 5 

Superintending engineer 6 

Army commander, when embarked 315 

Army Transport Service (see also Transports) : 

Cooperation between officers 2, 233-235 

Discharge of crew in Canal Zone 64 

Employees to be sworn 40 

Expenses of 1 

Home ports 3 

Organization 1, 4 

Regulations of, supplied to ship's company 48 

Supervision 2, 8 

Supplies 8 

Army, traveling with Navy on shipboard 317-337 

Assignment of officers, traveling as passengers, to duiy 231 

Assistant to general superintendent 4 

Assignment 6, 9 

Duties 9 

Qualifications ■ 9 

Assistant to marine superintendent 4 

Appointments 6, 13 

Duties 13 

Qualifications 13 

Assistant to superintending engineer 4 

Appointment 6 

Duties 15 

Qualifications 15 

Baggage : 

Combustibles and explosives excluded 199 

Disembarkation 285, 28S-290 

Loading 198, 203, 211, 212 

Marking •. 201 

Officers 211 

Packing 200 

Band, concerts by 259 

Batteries 315 

Berthing of troops 323 

Blankets, marking of 32 

Board money : 

Increase in pay in lieu of . 109 

Rate of payment 169 

When paid 169 

Boat muster, 59. (See also Boats.) 

Boats : 

Condition of. and apparatus 79,97 

P; tail of troops for assignment to 230 

Exercise of crew 80 

■ Landing by 291 

Launching of 335 

Muster 59 

Outfit for 335 



INDEX. 95 

Paragraphs. 

Book?; and blanks, supplied by general superintendent 19, 133 

Bridge : 

Officer always stationed on at sea 105 

Who allowed upon 222 

Bugle calls 2" 

Bulletin board 216, 330 

To contain what 216,217 

Cabins. (See Staterooms.) 

Canal Zone, dis cha r g e of crew in 61 

Cargo (see also Stores) : 

Duty of first officer as to 99 

Storage and care of is 

Casualties : 

Collision 332 

< leaeral regulations 283 

Report of collisions, etc 90 

Chief engineer, duties 123-144 

Chief stevedore 4 

Appointment , 6 

Duties IS 

Qualifications 18 

Under supervision of marine superintendent 12 

I Siiel sti ward : 

Books kept by 146 

Duties 145-143 

Inspection by 146 

Requisitions ■, 146, 147 

Responsibility for cleanliness 146, 14s 

Saloon watch , 146 

Waste 146 

Children, subsistence on transports 166 

Civilian employees. (See Employees.) 

Cleanliness : 

Responsibility of chief engineer 140 

Responsibility of chief steward 146, 148 

Responsibility of master .. 83, 86 

Ship 85, 87 

Staterooms 237 

Troops 84 

Clothing, marking of 33 

Collisions, etc. (See Casualti> *.) 

Commanding officer of troops : 

Assignment of troops 202, 207 

259 

230,234 

26,202 

197,202 

230. 244 

276,278,284 

230. 239 

2, 233, 234 

237, 257 



Band concerts 

Control of ship 

Deck plans of ships 

Embarkation of troops — 
Extra details of troops.. 

Fire, duties in case of 

General duties 

Harmony to be promoted. 
Inspection by 



96 INDEX. 

Commanding officer of troops — Continued. Paragraphs. 

Prevention of embarkation of unauthorized person... 206 

Reports 194, 237, 239 

Returns of troops, etc 194,214,238 

Routine on board 236 

Sailing orders 22 

Sentinels , 202 

Stateroom 34 

Support of master 235 

Uniform prescribed by , 236 

Visits of officials , 188 

Commercial vessels, subsistence on 16S 

Company commander : 

Embarkation of command 206 

Fire, duty in case of 281 

To report men who have infectious diseases 196 

Complaints : 

Assignment of staterooms 34 

By officers and men generally 227 

Food . 1G3 

Management of ship 230 

Consort, without convoy 316 

Convalescents, disposition of 228 

Convoys : 

Armj" commander 315 

General regulations 315 

Naval convoy commander 315 

Senior naval officer 315 

Cooperation, promotion of 2,233-235 

Courts, Federal, State, and Territorial _ 229 

Crew (see also Ship's company) : 

Boat exercise 80 

Boat muster 59 

Discharge of, in Canal Zone „ 64 

Fire muster „ 59 

Friends of, when permitted on board 100 

Increase in pay in lieu of board wages 169 

Lodgings or increase of pay in lieu of quarters 169 

Thysical examination 182 

Prevention of disease 184 

Ration 159 

Retention of, when ship undergoing repairs 169 

Signing ship's articles 24 

Damages, responsibility for 237 

Darkening ship 333 

Deaths 39 

Deck department 48 

Deck officer 104-122 

First officer 91-103 

Fourth officer 104 

Master 20-26, 65-90 

Second officer 104 

Third officer 104 



INDEX. 97 

Deck officer : Paragraphs. 

Duties 105-122 

Precautions to be taken by 107-122 

Stationed en bridge 105 

Desertion 42-45 

Reward for apprehension of deserter . 4G 

Diseases : 

Fumigation of ship 88 

Prevention of 179, 184, 196 

Disembarkation : 

Animals 311-314 

Baggage 2S5, 288-290 

In boats 291 

Property 288, 289 

Troops 1SG, 287, 290, 291 

Docking : 

At home ports , 12 

At over-sea ports , 19,193 

Observation of dock regulations „ CO 

Dock regulations, observance of 60 

Dressing ship 187 

Drills 321 

Duty, assignment to ; officers en route 231 

Embarkation : 

Animals 297, 300 

Casuals and recruits 205 

Leaving ship after , 213 

Property, etc 198, 201, 203, 211, 212 

Troops 197,202-214 

Unauthorized persons 20G 

Emergency drills . 321 

Emergency rations : 

Issue 172 

Quantity carried 172 

Employees (see also Appointments ; Ship's company) : 

Employment 7 

Oath of service 40,47 

Engine department. (See Chief engineer.) 

Enlisted men permanently attached to ship : 

Command of 27 

Subsistence of 151,152,165 

Enlisted men, discharged, subsistence for 154 

Epidemics; measures to prevent 184,190 

Exercises 321 

Expenditures, report of 38 

Eire : 

Condition of apparatus SI, 97, 331 

273 

59 

275-284, 331 

102, 138 



Duty of sentinels 

Fire muster 

General regulations, to govern troops_ 

Steam jets 

Fire muster : 

Crew 53 

Troops 276, 279 

56087°— 18 7 



98 INDEX. 

First officer : Paragraphs. 

Alterations , 95 

Cargo 99 

Condition of boats, etc 97 

Daily examination of ship 95 

Duties 91-103 

Inspection . 95, 90 

Inventory , 94 

On bridge v 92 

Requisitions 94 

Ship's log „ 98 

Steam apparatus 101 

Steam jets for extinguishing fire 102 

Stores 94 

To station officers and seamen , 93 

Flags : 

Dressing ship 187 

Sizes, etc 187 

When at half-mast , 187 

When hoisted 187 

Flashlights 328 

Fourth officer, duties (see Deck officer) 104 

Forage master 301 

Freight. (See Stores.) 

Fumigation 87, 88 

Gambling, prohibited 221 

General officers, staterooms 34 

General orders, bulletins, etc 32 

General superintendent . 4 

Assignment 5, 8 

Assignment of passengers 8, 21 

Assistant , 9 

Duties 8 

Employment of civilian employees 7 

Leaves of absence 63 

Qualifications 8 

Responsibility for funds and property 8 

Guard : 

Baggage guard 285 

Colors 267 

Composition of 260 



Duties 

Fire, duty as to 

Officer of the 

Posting 

Guests, entertainment in port 

Harbor regulations, observance of_ 
Home ports 

Appointment of personnel of 

Facilities at , 3 

Personnel of . 3,4,5 

Honors 188 

Horses. (See Animals.) 



261, 263, 265 

281 

266,267 

268 

167 

60 

3 

6,7 



INDEX. 99 

Hospital (see also Medical Department) : Paragraphs. 

For use of sick only , 177 

27 

1S3 

183 

27,177 



308 

331 

17 

315 



Medical officers to treat troops 

Report as to condition, etc 

Report of patients 

Under charge of transport surgeon 

Hospital Corps (see also Hospital) : 

Report of Hospital Corps men on transport 183 

Hospital mess . 149, 155 

Indigents put to work 206 

Inspections : 

By chief engineer , 138, 140 

By chief steward ,. 146 

By commanding officer 237,257 

By master r 237 

By marine superintendent „ 12 

By medical superintendent 10 

By officer of the day 237, 265 

By officer of the guard 266 

By police officer 237,240 

By port steward 16 

By superintending engineer 14 

By transport surgeon 180,237,257 

By veterinary surgeon 

Fire apparatus 

General supplies 

Naval transports 

Subsistence stores 16, 29 

Intoxicating liquors : 

Not allowed on transport . 62,225 

Seizure 265, 272 

When may be issued 62 

Laborers, employment 18 

Leaves of absence : 

Absence without leave 44, 45, 63 

When granted 63 

Life preservers . 326, 335 

Lights : 

Attention to 82, 113 

Duty of guard as to , 263 

Saloon and smoking room 258 

When burned 56 

While in danger zone 321,328,333 

Liquors. (See Intoxicating liquors.) 

Loading and unloading : 

At home ports 12,189,190 

At over-sea ports 19, 193 

Duty of chief stevedore 18 

Duty of first officer . 99 

Lodgings or increase of pay in lieu of quarters _ 169 

Log. (See Ship's log.) 

Lookout : 

Glasses for 334 

Mines 334 



100 INDEX. 

Lookout — Continued. Paragraphs. 
Stations 334 

Submarines 334 

To call stations , 97 

Torpedoes 334 

Vigilance of 107 

Machine-gun details : 322 

Man overboard : 

Duty of sentinel 273 

When recall sounded 284 

Marine Corps officers 230 

Marine superintendent 4 

Appointment 6,12 

Assistant 13 

Duties 12 

Qualifications 12 

Master : 

Absence 70, 71 

Assistant to commanding officer of troops 83 

Boats 79, 80 

Cabin lights 258 

Chief engineer responsible to r 124 

Chronometers , 68 

Cleanliness on board ship , 83-87 

Collisions, etc 89,90 

Compasses r 68 

Condition of ship, etc . 67,79 

Control of ship 20,65,230,235 

Customs . - 69 

Deck plans of ship 20 

Duties 20-26 

Inspection by 237 

Fire service , 81 

Leaves of absence .. 63 

Lights , 82 

Navigation 65. 71. 73-77 

Official calls . 25 

Passenger lists , 36 

Passengers , 21, 34 

Quarantine . 69, 185 

Quarters 34 

Regulations 66 

Eepairs , 103 

Report of arrival and departure — , 37 

Report of expenditures , 38 

Return of troops furnished to r 238 

Saloon lights „ 258 

Ship's papers 23, 24 

Staterooms 21, 34, 210 

Ventilation 83, 86 

Matches 328 



INDEX. 101 

Meals (see also Messes) : Paragraphs. 

Army officers 1G6 

Children 166 

Complaints 163 

During daylight 321, 325 

Guests 107 

Not served in stateroom or quarters 161, 24S 

Passengers 150, 151, 154, 155 

Payment for . 105-108 

Quartermaster Corps to provide 156 

Who entitled to free subsistence 165 

Medical Department (see also Medical superintendent) : 

Employment of civilian employees 7 

Hospital 177 

Personnel 178 

Requisitions for supplies 183 

Supervision . 2 

Medical officers : 

Duties on transports 183 

Report men who have infectious diseases-. 196 

Report 183 

Treat sick of command on board ship , 27 

Medical superintendent .. 4 

Assignment 5, 10 

Duties 10 

Employment of civilian employees 7 

Personnel of medical department 178 

Qualifications v 10 

Memorial Day, flag at half-mast „ 187 

Messes (see also Meals; Rations) : 

Animal detachment 309 

Complaints 163 

Enlisted men — 

Discharged 154 

Sick 155 

General regulations 149-155, 319 

Hospital mess 149, 155 

Meals or food prohibited in quarters 162, 248. 325 

Mess officer 244-249 

Naval contingent , 324 

Naval guard 324 

Nurses 150, 165 

Passengers 150, 151, 154, 155 

Patients 155 

Ration of crew 159 

Sailors' and firemen's . 149, 153 

Saloon 149, 150, 166 

Ship's officers' 149,151,166 

Ship's petty officers' 149, 152, 166 

Special diet -- 155 

Special mess 151 

Stores 161 

Troop 149, 154, 160, 324 



102 INDEX. 

Messes (see also Meals; Rations) — Continued. Paragraphs. 

Troops on detached duty . 151, 154 

Waiters' 152 

While in danger zone . 324 

Mess officer : 

Detail of 244 

Duties 244-249 

Mines , 334 

Movements by sea, animals (see also Animals) : 

Care of animals on board 85, 301-310 

Disembarkation 311-314 

Embarkation 297-300 

Transportation 293-296 

Movements by sea, troops (see also Troops) : 

Certificates required for families 195 

Commanding officer, duties 230-238 

Convoys 315 

Disembarkation 285-291 

Duties on board 216-228 

Embarkation , 203-214 

Eire regulations 275-284 

General provisions 189—197 

Guard 260-263 

Mess officer 244-249 

Officer of the day 264, 265 

Officer of the guard 266,267 

Police officer 240-243 

198-202 

274 

250,259 

1 268-274 

215 

315 



Preliminary arrangements 

Prisoners 

Routine on board 

Sentinels 

Movements in harbors 

Naval convoy commander, duties- 

Naval guard : 

Duties 336 

Mess , 324, 325 

Pay 324 

Naval officer on board transport . 315, 320 

Naval transports, inspection of 315 

Navigation : 

Duties of watch or deck officers 104-122 

Responsibility of master 65, 69 

Navy : 

Convoy of expeditions 315 

Traveling with Army on shipboard 318-337 

Nurses : 

Duties 178 

Mess 150, 165 

Oath of service : 

Administered by any commissioned officer 40 

Taken by all employees 40,47 

Obedience to orders 49 

Offenders, transfer of, to courts 229 



INDEX. 103 

Paragraphs. 

Offenses committed on board 229 

Officers, assignment to duty of 231 

Officer of the day : 

Assistance by officer of the guard 266 

Duties . 264. 265 

Inspections by 237, 265 

Posting of guard , 204 

Sentinels 264, 265, 268 

Officer of the deck. (See Deck officer.) 

Officer of the guard (see also Guard) : 

Details 260 

Duties 266, 267 

Inspections 266 

Passenger lists prepared by masters . 36 

Passengers : 

Assignment of 8, 21 

Limited by law to 195 

Lists 21, 36 

Meals 150, 151, 154, 155 

Members of families of transport personnel not allowed 35 

Modification of assignments . 21 

Promenade dock . 152 

Staterooms 21, 34 

Pennants 187 

Personnel. (See Appointments.) 

Police officer : 

Detail of 240 

Duties 240-243 

Inspection by , 237 

Police of ship : 

General provisions 240-243 

Use of prisoners 274 

Port steward 

Appointment 

Duties 

Qualifications 

Prisoners, general regulations 

Promenade deck, use of 

Punishments 

Quarantine : 

Bills incident to detention . 185 

10 

179 

69 

184 

185 

4 

28 

6,28 



Duties of medical superintendent 

Duties of transport surgeons 

Master to observe quarantine laws __ 

Precautions to prevent epidemics 

Report of persons removed from ship 

Quartermaster agent 

Accountable for funds 

Assignment 

Duties 19. 28-32, 282 

General orders, bulletins, etc 32 

Fire, duties in case of 282 



104 INDEX. 

Quartermaster agent — Continued. Paragraphs. 

Marking of blankets and clothing , 32 

Members of family not allowed , 35 

Mess utensils 32 

Office, in charge of 31 

Quarters 34 

Receipts for stores, etc., loaded and unloaded 19 

Scrubbing and cleaning materials 32 

Stewards' department, in charge of , 28 

Subsistence on transport , 150, 165 

Quartermaster General : 

Appointment of personnel 6, 7 

Authorizes shipments 189 

Instructions to general superintendent 8 

Superintendent of Transport Service 2 

Quartermasters, duties of, at over-sea ports 19, 193 

Quartermaster purveyor 4 

Appointment 6, 17 

Duties 17 

Qualifications 17 

Under supervision of marine superintendent 12 

Quarters, assignment of 34, 319, 320 

Radio apparatus : 

Inspection of - 11 

Operators 11 

Storage batteries, care of , 11 

Rafts 335 

Ration (see also Messes) : 

Commutation of, for noncommissioned staff officers and mem- 
bers of Hospital Corps 170 

Crew 159 

Emergency stores . 172 

Officers and crew of tugs, etc 164 

Philippine crews . 159 

Recruits, disposition of , 228 

Repairs : 

Alterations . 103 

Chief engineer to supervise certain 123,138 

Disposition of crew when ship undergoing 169 

Requisitions for, not to include alterations or new work 103 

Steward's department 147 

Under direction of marine superintendent 12 

Under direction of superintending engineer 14 

What constitutes 103 

Reports : 

Boat muster 59 

By chief engineer 123, 133, 144 

By chief steward , 147 

By commanding officer 194,237,239 

By medical officers . 183, 196 

By transport surgeon 180, 181, 183, 185 

Collisions, etc 90 

Condition of steam apparatus , 101 



INDEX. 105 

Reports — Continued. Paragraphs. 

Condition of steam jets .. 102 

Deaths , .. 39 

Expenditures 38 

Fire muster 59 

Resisting attack 334 

Returns 194, 214, 238 

Route signs 330 

Routine on board : 

Band concerts 259 

Bathing 255 

Bedding 251, 253 

Berth decks, cleared 252 

Calls 250, 251 

Exercise 254 

Inspection, daily . 257 

In time of war 321 

Lights 258, 321 

Prescribed by commanding officer 236 

Swimming in harbor 256 

Saloon watch, stationing of 146 

Savings, disposition of articles saved ., _. 29 

Second officer, duties (see also Deck officer) 104 

Sentinels : 

Duties 268-273 

Fire, duty as to 281 

Number 202 

Posting 202, 264, 265 

Prisoners i 274 

Ship's company (see also Crew; Master) : 

Absence without leave 44, 45, 63 

Board money 169, 170 

Boat muster . 59 

Departments into which divided — , 48 

Deportment » 50 

Desertion ., 43-46 

General rules for operation of ship 56 

Increase in pay in lieu of board wages 169 

Information regarding ship not to be given 54 

Intoxicating liquors 62 

Leaves of absence 63 

Lookout 97 

Neat appearance 51 

Oath of service 40, 47 

Obedience 49 

Prevention of disease 184 

Profane or boisterous language forbidden 52 

Punishments 41, 42 

Regulations 48 

Smoking on duty forbidden 53 

Station bill 93 

Traffic, sale, or barter on board ship prohibited ._ 55 

Uniform 51 

Watch bill 93 



106 INDEX. 

Ship's log : Paragraphs. 

Collisions, etc., recorded 89 

Method of keeping 61,98,115,116 

Record of fire muster 59 

Signal Corps superintendent 4 

Assignment 5, 11 

Duties 11 

Employment of civilian employees - 7 

Inspection of radio apparatus 11 

Radio operators 11 

Small-arm details 322 

Smoking : 

Rules as to 217, 327 

Where permitted 224, 327 

Staterooms 21, 34 

Assignment 21, 34, 210 

Baggage 211 

Bed linen 32 

Cleaning 14G, 148, 237 

Commanding officer of troops 34 

Furniture 32 

General officers_ > 34 

Inspection 237 

Modification of assignment 21 

Permanent officers of transport 34 

Towels 32 

Vacation of, for cleaning, etc 237 

Stevedores, employment 18 

Steward's department (see also Chief steward; Meals; Messes) : 

Board money 169, 170 

Cleanliness 146, 237 

Defects 147 

Duties of guard in relation to 262 

Stores : , 

Authority for shipment 189 

Bills of lading 191 

Delivery at destination 192, 193 

Disposition of freights 190 

Invoices 191, 192 

Loading 190, 193 

Notice of intended shipment 189 

Receipts for 19 

Stowaways : 

Put to work 206 

Steps to prevent carrying of 206 

Submarines : 

Signs of 334 

Resisting attack 334 

Subsistence (see also Meals; Messes; Subsistence stores) : 

Children 166 

Free, to whom 165 

On commercial vessels 168 



INDEX. 107 

Subsistence storekeeper : Paragraphs. 

In charge of sales 176 

To be commissary sergeant, if practicable 176 

Subsistence stores : 

Condition of 29,146,172 

Emergency rations 172 

Inspection 16, 29 

Inventory 29 

Issue 29 

Overcharges 176 

Price lists 176 

Removal during fumigation 88 

Requisitions 173 

Sales 176 

Superintending engineer 4 

Appointment 6 

Assistant 15 

Duties 14 

Qualifications 14 

Third officer, duties (see also Deck officer) 104 

Torpedoes, wake of 334 

Train master 301 

Transfer of offenders to courts 229 

Transport agent 4 

Appointment 6 

Duties 19,193 

Transport quartermaster 33 

Transportation (see also Mo-vements by sea) : 

Certificates required for families and servants 195 

Limited by law to 195 

Wives and families of transport and ship's officers 35 

Transports : 

Alterations 103, 123, 138 

Appointment of personnel 5, 7 

Cleanliness of ship 83-87 

Concealment of movements in harbors 215 

Consort without convoy 316 

Control of 20,230,235 

Convoys 315 

Docking 12,19 

Equipping for service 315 

Expenditures on voyage 38 

Inspection. (See Inspections.) 

Landing, dispositions for 315 

Loading and unloading 12, 18, 19, 315 

Marine superintendent has charge of, at home port 12 

Officers of transport service 4-6 

Repairs 12, 14, 123, 138, 147 

Routine (for troops) on board 250, 259 

Safety of vessels in consort 250,259 

Senior naval officer on board i 315, 320, 337 

Supervision 8 

Supplies 8, 32 



108 INDEX. 

Transports — Continued. Paragraphs. 

Traffic, sale, or barter on board ship prohibited 53 

Transportation on, limited to 195 

Transport Service. (See Army Transport Service.) 

Transport surgeon 4, 27 

Assignment 5, 27 

Command of enlisted men permanently attached to ship 27 

Duties 27, 177, 178 

Fumigation, etc., when indicated 87 

Hospital 27, 177, 183 

Hospital Corps, report on men of 183 

Inspections 180, 237, 257 

Medical attendance given discharged enlisted men 27 

Physical examination of crew 182 

Precautions to prevent epidemics 184 

Quarantine regulations, etc 179, 184, 1S5 

Reports 180, 181, 183, 185 

Requisitions for medical supplies 183 

Subsistence on transport 150, 165 

Troops treated by medical officer of command 27 

Troops : 

Assignment on ship 202 

Assignment to boats 230 

Berthing of 323 

Cleanliness 84 

Commanding officers 230,231 

Complaints by 227 

Discipline on board 84 

Diseased, embarkation of, prohibited 19G 

Embarkation 197, 202-214 

First meal on board 160,208 

Food prohibited in sleeping quarters 248 

General duties on board 216, 228 

Landing at ports en route 186 

Mess 149, 154, 160, 244-249, 323, 325 

Mess kits 324 

Movements by sea. (See Movements by sea; Troops.) 

Police of quarters on ship 240, 243, 318 

Quarters, Army and Navy traveling together 319 

Quarters for, when traveling on detached duty 151 

Returns of, by commanding officer 194, 214, 238 

Routine on board 236, 250-259 

(See als» Routine on board.) 

Subsistence of, when traveling on detached duty 151, 154 

Swimming in harbor 256 

Tugs, etc., rations of crew, etc 164 

Uniform : 

Employees', when worn 51 

Military, prescribed by commanding officer 236 

Navy and Marine Corps 237 

Unloading. (See Loading and unloading.) 

Vaccination 1S4, 196 



INDEX. 109 

Ventilation : Paragraphs. 

Responsibility of master 83, 86 

Steward's department 146 

Veterinarian 290 

Inspection by 308 

Wagon master 301 

Warrants from Federal and State courts 229 

Watchmen, employment 18 

Watch officer, talking to, prohibited 223 

(See Deck officer.) 

Water for drinking 329 

Whistle, when blown 56 

o 



